Public–private partnerships: a review of economic considerations with particular reference to transportation projects

The paper sets in context some of the more recent work that has been conducted on public–private partnerships (PPPs) in the provision and operation of infrastructure. PPPs essentially involve a government or its agent signing an agreement with a private company or consortium to supply it with services with the private sector actor involved in major elements of designing, building, temporarily ‘owning’, and running the physical assets; basically they are long-term development and service contracts between government and a private partner. The paper outlines the development of economic thinking regarding the rationale behind PPPs, the extent to which unbundling is optimal and the forms that it may take, the nature of the contracts that are enacted and their renegotiation, the awarding of contracts, and matters of possible corruption. By way of focus, it also provides some indication of what empirical studies in the transportation have thrown up regarding the outcomes of PPPs.     

低压气液混输采气管道串接集气模式研究

针对杭锦旗气田高液气比气井井间串接集气距离长、管道压损大的问题,文中用权重法估算了影响管道气液混输距离的因素,表明管道直径是影响集气距离的最重要因素,权重比约56.1%。根据杭锦旗气田气井生产参数,对不同采气管道规格串接模式进行了研究,确定了适用于不同集气量和串接井数的采气管道规格系列,提出了直线式与辐射式相结合的井间串接模式,为杭锦旗气田地面集输站场和管网设计提供技术依据。     

The influence of bus service satisfaction on university students' mode choice

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between bus service satisfaction and the transport mode of choice among university students in Qatar. The degree of bus service satisfaction was collected directly from questionnaire surveys, in which university students were asked questions in relation to their satisfaction with the bus service they used and their transport mode of choice. These questions were categorized into three factors according to confirmatory factor analysis: service at bus stops, service of busses, and service of drivers. Furthermore, the students were asked which mode of transport they used given the choice between public and private transport. This study presents a structural equation model to determine how much bus service satisfaction affects people's decisions about their transport mode. The results from the analysis showed that three key factors—namely, service at bus stops, service of busses, and service of bus drivers—were strongly correlated to the mode of choice. In particular, the bus stop was strongly associated with ease of use, shade, cleanliness, safety, and crowdedness level, while the bus itself influenced reliability, travel time, and frequency. Complying with traffic laws and the driver's attitude were also important contributors to the level of bus service satisfaction. Ultimately, this study will be beneficial for policy/decision‐makers. It will allow them to determine what needs to be accomplished to encourage people to use public transportation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Understanding connectivity to international markets: a systematic review

Improving freight connectivity is increasingly a topic at the centre of the international trade and transport policy agendas. An examination of available documents and studies in both the policy-making and the academic fields shows that the concept of freight connectivity has often been defined in different ways, and thus has taken a variety of meanings. This poses the question on what connectivity is and what are its determinants in the context of international trade. We are not aware of any studies that have analysed, in a systematic way, the different perspectives and determinants of freight connectivity so as to increase access to international markets. This paper seeks to fill this gap by performing a systematic literature review that spans disciplines such as Transport Engineering, Transport and International Economics, and Supply Chain Management. The outcome of this examination is a multidisciplinary framework that hopefully will help stakeholders to understand freight connectivity to international markets better, as well as guide future research and analysis in policy-making.     

基于最大熵模型的客运枢纽换乘量分布预测研究

针对城市客运交通枢纽换乘量分布预测的问题,引入"四阶段法"中的出行分布预测原理,将枢纽处各种交通方式的客流影响范围近似看作出行分布预测中的交通小区,各交通方式之间的换乘量相应地看作交通小区之间的交通分布量。将重力先验概率式的最大熵模型应用于枢纽换乘量分布预测之中,构建换乘量分布预测的最大熵模型,并以枢纽内部各种交通方式的现状OD换乘量分布为基础,进行模型参数的标定和最大熵模型的求解,隐含考虑随机因素的影响,从宏观上描述换乘者的交通行为。该方法应用于北京市东直门客运交通枢纽的换乘量分布预测之中,效果良好,为进一步进行枢纽的功能布局及换乘组织等研究工作提供依据。     

城市客运交通合理结构的确定方法研究

合理的城市客运交通结构是解决城市交通问题的关键。从城市交通结构的选择原则和不同类型城市客运交通方式优先发展次序两方面,探讨实现城市客运交通结构合理化要解决的首要问题以及具体措施,对于满足城市各类交通需求,促进城市交通的综合治理、城市交通规划以及城市交通设施的基本建设均具有重要的指导意义。     

机场容量评估中仿真飞机流的设计与实现

为了提高机场及终端区容量评估的计算精度,以机场实际航班运行数据库为基础,讨论了仿真飞机流的数据构成,提出了飞机流的仿真思路、模块结构设计和仿真流程,构建了飞机流生成模型.为保证航空器运行的"单列不可超车"性和最小运行间隔要求,运用数理统计方法,确定了机头距服从移位负指数分布的假设检验,并采用素数模积式发生器和逆变法保证了仿真过程的随机性,编程实现了随机飞机流的仿真.算例仿真结果表明,此模型是可行的,实现了统计意义上机头距概率分布类型的优化,为容量仿真评估提供了较为理想且准确的仿真飞机流.     

交通行业信息资源整合框架与关键技术分析

从交通行业信息化建设现状出发,分析了行业信息资源整合的需求,以行业内分散的业务系统及数据为基础,通过对整合框架、核心流程、关键技术的分析和研究,提出了实现信息资源整合、共享,提升协同工作、决策支持及公众信息服务能力的思路和方法.为交通行业信息资源整合的实施提供了分析设计基础.     

基于视频的车辆特征表达与分类算法

为实现车辆类型的高精度检测,提出了基于偏心矩向量的特征表达方法,将运动车辆轮廓点与重心之间的距离定义为偏心矩,构造特征向量实现车辆的标识.该特征向量具备旋转、平移、伸缩的不变性,能够克服目标运动状态和环境变化的影响.采用支持向量机构建多类最优分类超平面,实现运动车辆的多类别快速分类.实验结果表明,不同类别车辆特征区分明显,识别准确率可达94%以上.     

军交运输信息资源优化配置研究

在信息化战争中军队交通运输信息资源的地位与作用越来越重要,搞好军事交通运输信息资源的优化配置是军交运输系统建设的重要内容．本文重点阐述了军交运输信息资源配置的内涵与外延,分析了军交运输信息资源配置的调焦功能、生长功能和辐射功能以及军交运输信息资源配置的内容,在归纳概括军交运输信息资源配置原则的基础上,探讨了军交运输信息资源优化配置的行政干预、市场调节和综合配置方法．