XZ5110ZYS后装压缩式垃圾车人机工程设计

从装填机构的可靠性设计、垃圾车绿色设计、人性化设计、底盘设计四个方面对XZ5110ZYS后装压缩式垃圾车的人机工程设计理念进行了阐述。     

振动压路机五自由度减振模型求解的一种新方法及仿真分析

根据对振动压路机考虑各系统阻尼后的五自由度减振模型的分析,对该模型进行了求解,并结合振动压路机的设计参数对求解的结果进行了仿真。通过求解及仿真结果可得：与两自由度模型相比,这种求解方法求解的五自由度模型同样简单可行并且分析问题更加全面,能为振动压路机各个模块的减振优化设计提供更好的理论参考依据。     

轻型载货车电动助力转向系统的仿真模型与试验验证

应用Adams/Car软件,建立了带有电动助力转向器的轻型载货车多体动力学模型,然后,应用道路试验数据,确定出不同工况下的助力特性曲线和对应的速度感应系数,制作成相应的MAP图,在Adams/Car软件环境中,采用DCF文件控制仿真的方法,重现试验工况。仿真计算与试验结果的对比分析证明了仿真模型的合理性,可达到期望的精度。     

Numerical analysis of nonlinear rotor-bearing-seal system

The system state trajectory, Poincard maps, largest Lyapunov exponents, frequency spectra and bifurcation diagrams were used to investigate the non-linear dynamic behaviors of a rotor-bearing-seal coupled system and to analyze the influence of the seal and bearing on the nonlinear characteristics of the rotor sys- tem. Various nonlinear phenomena in the rotor-bearing-seal system, such as periodic motion, double-periodic motion, multi-periodic motion and quasi-periodic motion were investigated. The results may contribute to a further understanding of the non-linear dynamics of the rotor-bearing-seal coupled system.     

大跨桥梁油罐车燃烧火灾模型计算方法研究

桥梁上油罐车燃烧可分为油罐车火灾和燃油泄漏油池火灾2种,为了建立2种定量分析的火灾模型,基于火灾学原理,采用理论分析与FDS数值模拟相结合的方法,提出了考虑危化品种类、桥面风、油罐车尺寸等因素的油罐车火灾最大热释放速率定量计算方法;建立了燃烧油池最大直径、扩散时间以及直径扩大速度的求解方程,提出了可表征不同泄漏孔径下油池扩散、燃烧动态过程的数学模型,并通过前人的试验结果对模型的正确性进行了验证。通过对依托工程的分析,结果表明:油罐车火灾时,最大热释放速率与桥面风速正相关,但增长幅度逐渐减小,风速从4.96 m·s^-1增至10.84 m·s^-1时,最大热释放速率的变化范围为62.89~113.54 MW,随风速增加至10.84 m·s^-1,燃烧时间逐渐变短,缩短至原来的57%,火焰高度逐渐降低,趋近于9.5 m(含油罐车高度);火焰核心区域随风速增大而增大,且向下风向倾斜。泄漏油池燃烧时,泄漏孔径的变化对热释放速率和油池扩散时间影响较小;泄漏速率比接近于泄漏孔半径的平方比,油池最大直径比、扩大速度比与泄漏孔半径比相当,燃烧时间随泄漏孔半径的增大而减小,减小速度变缓;随着燃烧油池直径增大,火焰高度增加,火焰核心区域增大;当扩散至最大直径时,其火焰的水平影响区域比油罐车燃烧更广,但燃烧时间更短。     

新型局域共振橡胶减振垫振动传递特性测试分析

为了研究一种应用于浮置板轨道结构的新型橡胶减振垫的振动传递特性,对比某基于局域共振新型减振垫与普通橡胶减振垫的减振性能,研究预压质量与激振加速度对振动传递特性的影响,对新型橡胶减振垫进行刚度试验与振动传递特性试验,测试其在30~200 Hz频率下的传递特性,试验过程中采用不同的预压质量与激振加速度,振动传递特性测试采用加速度激振的方法,以加速度传递率作为减振垫振动传递特性的评价指标。结果表明:新型减振垫加速度传递率更小,减振效果更好,最大可以减小10 dB左右;减振垫上方预压质量对振动传递特性有较大影响,预压质量越大,加速度传递率越大,减振效果越差;减振垫的刚度对其振动传递特性有一定的影响,激振的加速度幅值对加速度传递率影响较小。     

地铁线路下穿燃气调压站引起的环境振动影响及控制措施研究

近年来,我国大城市地铁线网和城市燃气管网密度日益增大,地铁线路不可避免下穿燃气管线及其调压站,而地铁列车运行对燃气设施产生的振动影响及其控制措施研究少见报道。以某地铁线路下穿燃气调压站实际工程为分析对象,综合采用地铁振动类比测试和数值仿真计算方法对燃气调压站受地铁振动影响情况进行了预测分析,提出"减振垫-厚重筏板基础-减振垫-箱形设备基础"隔振控制方案,并对其隔振效果进行数值仿真分析。分析结果表明:控制措施实施前,3个燃气设备基础Z振级预测值为78.3~81.4 dB,加速度峰值为0.155~0.22 m/s^2;控制措施实施后,Z振级降为69.9~73.4 dB,加速度峰值平均下降61%,控制措施效果明显。     

双后桥平衡悬架骑马螺栓的布置分析

分析了双后桥车型底盘平衡悬架板簧连接骑马螺栓竖直布置与内八斜拉布置2种布置形式对平衡悬架系统的性能的影响,并通过CAE软件完成了相应骑马螺栓的受力及变形分析。通过分析可知,骑马螺栓内八字斜拉布置应力分布优于竖直布置结构,该布置可增加板簧的有效作用长度。     

Carbon and energy footprints of electric delivery trucks: A hybrid multi-regional input-output life cycle assessment

Due to frequent stop-and-go operation and long idling periods when driving in congested urban areas, the electrification of commercial delivery trucks has become an interesting topic nationwide. In this study, environmental impacts of various alternative delivery trucks including battery electric, diesel, diesel-electric hybrid, and compressed natural gas trucks are analyzed. A novel life cycle assessment method, an environmentally-extended multi-region input-output analysis, is utilized to calculate energy and carbon footprints throughout the supply chain of alternative delivery trucks. The uncertainties due to fuel consumption or other key parameter variations in real life, data ranges are taken into consideration using a Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, variations in regional electricity mix greenhouse gas emission are also considered to present a region-specific assessment for each vehicle type. According to the analysis results, although the battery electric delivery trucks have zero tailpipe emission, electric trucks are not expected to have lower environmental impacts compared to other alternatives. On average, the electric trucks have slightly more greenhouse emissions and energy consumption than those of other trucks. The regional analysis also indicates that the percentage of cleaner power sources in the electricity mix plays an important role in the life cycle greenhouse gas emission impacts of electric trucks.     

Dynamic stability of forklift trucks in cornering situations: parametrical analysis using a driving simulator

This paper describes the examination of the vehicle dynamics and stability of four-wheeled forklift trucks (FLTs) in cornering situations. Cornering at excessive speed is one major reason for fatal accidents with forklifts caused by lateral tipover. In order to increase the lateral stability of this kind of working machinery, the influence of certain important design properties has been studied using an appropriate vehicle simulation model and a driving simulator. The simulation model is based on a multi-body system approach and includes submodels for the propulsion system and the tyres. The driving behaviour of the operator has not been modelled. Instead, a driving simulator has been built up and a real human driver was employed for ensuring adequate and realistic model input. As there have not been any suitable standardised test manoeuvres available for FLTs, a new driving test has been developed to assess the lateral stability. This test resembles the well-known J turn/Fishhook turn, but includes a more dynamic counter-steering action. Furthermore, the dimensions of the test track are defined. Therefore, the test is better adapted to the driving dynamics of forklifts and reflects the real driver behaviour more closely. Finally, a parametrical study has been performed, examining the influence of certain important technical properties of the truck such as the maximum speed, the position of centre of gravity, rear axle design features and tyre properties. The results of this study may lead to a better understanding of the vehicle dynamics of forklifts and facilitate goal-oriented design improvements.