基于修正RNG k-ε模型的叶片泵非设计工况数值模拟

对于非设计工况下流体机械的流场计算,由于其偏离设计工况,分离流动严重等特点,使得用普通的湍流模型数值模拟精度不高。本文采用一种将涡粘性系数Cμ与湍流脉动动能和湍流耗散率的变化相关联的方法,对RNG k-ε湍流模型进行修正。为验证其对非设计工况下叶片泵的预测精度,分别采用修正模型和原始RNG模型,数值模拟了一比转速为439的叶片泵的内部流场,得到了其扬程、效率曲线及在典型工况下的内部流场流线分布。通过比较改进前后RNG湍流模型的数值计算结果,并与实验结果对比,得出修正RNG模型更能准确预测出非设计工况下叶片泵的流场特性。     

High Resolution Ship Hydrodynamics Simulations in Open Source Environment

The numerical simulation of wake and flee-surface flow around ships is a complex topic that involves multiple tasks： the generation of an optimal computational grid and the development of numerical algorithms capable to predict the flow field around a hull. In this paper, a numerical framework is developed aimed at high-resolution CFD simulations of turbulent, free-surface flows around ship hulls. The framework consists in the concatenation of ＂tools＂, partly available in the open-source finite volume library OpenFOAM. A novel, flexible mesh-generation algorithm is presented, capable of producing high-quality computational grids for free-surface ship hydrodynamics. The numerical frame work is used to solve some benchmark problems, providing results that are in excellent agreement with the experimental measures.     

Numerical Investigation on Two-dimensional Boundary Layer Flow with Transition

As a basic problem in many engineering applications, transition from laminar to turbulence still remains a difficult problem in computational fluid dynamics （CFD）. A numerical study of one transitional flow in two-dimensional is conducted by Reynolds averaged numerical simulation （RANS） in this paper. Turbulence model plays a significant role in the complex flows＇ simulation, and four advanced turbulence models are evaluated. Numerical solution of frictional resistance coefficient is compared with the measured one in the transitional zone, which indicates that Wilcox （2006） k-ω model with correction is the best candidate. Comparisons of numerical and analytical solutions for dimensionless velocity show that averaged streamwise dimensionless velocity profiles correct the shape rapidly in transitional region. Furthermore, turbulence quantities such as turbulence kinetic energy, eddy viscosity, and Reynolds stress are also studied, which are helpful to learn the transition＇s behavior.     

Effect of microbubbles on the structure of turbulence in a turbulent boundary layer

The time-averaged velocity and turbulence intensity distributions were measured by a laser Doppler velocimeter in a turbulent boundary layer filled with microbubbles. The void fraction distribution was also measured using a fiber-optic probe. The velocity decreased in the region below 100 wall units with an increase in bubble density. This led to a decrease in the velocity gradient at the wall, which was consistent with a decrease in shearing stress on the wall. The turbulence intensity in the buffer layer increased at a low microbubble density, and then began to decrease with an increasing microbubble density. Based on the present measurements, the mechanism of turbulence reduction by microbubbles is discussed and a model is proposed. Received for publication on Dec. 3, 1999; accepted on April 18, 2000     

Large eddy simulations for quasi-2D turbulence in shallow flows: A comparison between different subgrid scale models

In this study, the performance of the horizontal large eddy simulation module, developed at the University of Leuven (HLES-KULeuven module) is assessed. A comparison between different subgrid scale models has been carried out. The study is concerned with the non-rotating and unstratified flows. The results of the simulation for an oscillatory backward facing (BFS) flow are presented in case of an expanding flume based on a one-length scale approach and a two-length scale approach. Three subgrid scale (SGS) models have been tested: Smagorinsky SGS model (Smagorinsky, J., (1963). General circulation experiments with the primitive equations, I. the basic experiments. Monthly Weather Review, 91(3), 99–164), Uittenbogaard SGS model (Uittenbogaard, R.E., and van Vossen, B., (2004). Subgrid-scale model for quasi-2D turbulence in shallow water. Shallow Flows. Jirka and Uijttewaal (Eds.), Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 90 5809 700 5) and a proposed two-length scale approach. The first two models are considered to be a one-length scale models. A simulation without a subgrid scale model for the horizontal mixing has also been conducted. In all simulations, a quadratic friction model parameterizes the dissipation produced by the 3D-subdepth scale turbulence. The two-length scale concept uses a newly mixing length formulation for the quasi-2D turbulence and doesn't depend on the filter width in contrast to the one-length scale approach, in which the mixing length is function of the filter width. The outputs of the HLES-KULeuven module have been compared with the experimental data taken from Stelling, G.S., and Wang, L.X., (1984). Experiments and computations on separating flow in an expanding flume. Dept. Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Report 2–84.). The two-length scale approach has been validated with experimental data from SERC Flood Channel Facility at HR Wallingford. In general, there is a qualitative agreement with the experimental data. It has also been found that the two-length scale approach produces more elongated and less isotropic vortex than the one-length scale models.     

Lengthscales of motions that control air–water gas transfer in grid-stirred turbulence

The relationship between the gas transfer velocity and turbulent lengthscales is investigated experimentally in a grid-stirred turbulent flow. The horizontal velocity field at the water surface is measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The gas transfer velocity for oxygen is obtained through reaeration experiments. In addition, the gas transfer process by surface-renewal eddies is visualized using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique, in which carbon dioxide is used as the tracer gas. The definition of the Taylor microscale holds that the root-mean-square (RMS) of the surface divergence is expressed by the square root of the turbulent kinetic energy divided by the Taylor microscale. Experimentally obtained data support this scaling. They show the gas transfer velocity to be proportional to the square root of the RMS of the surface divergence. These experimental results imply that the Taylor microscale is an important parameter for gas transfer velocity at the air–water interface. These relations indicate that a nondimensional gas transfer velocity is proportional to the − 1/4 power of a turbulent-macroscale Reynolds number, which is similar to a small-eddy model, assuming that turbulent eddies with the Kolmogorov scale control the gas transfer process. However, this Reynolds number dependence does not necessarily mean the superiority of turbulent eddies with the Kolmogorov scale in the gas transfer. The LIF visualizations in horizontal and vertical planes close to the air–water interface indicate that the horizontal CO₂-concentration field has a fine spatial pattern, which resembles that of the surface divergence field, and that surface-renewal motions observed in the vertical plane have a larger lengthscale than the Kolmogorov scale. We infer from both PIV and LIF results that the Taylor microscale is an important lengthscale for air–water gas transfer.     

潜艇操纵性水动力数值计算中湍流模式的比较与运用

湍流模式的选取对潜艇操纵性水动力数值计算精度有着重要影响,采用六种湍流模式计算了SUBOFF主艇体及主艇体加指挥室围壳两种模型在一定漂角范围内的潜艇操纵性水动力,并与试验值进行了比较,结果表明SSTk-ω模型更为适合潜艇操纵性水动力计算。在此基础上对SUBOFF全附体模型在一定漂角和攻角范围内的艇体水动力进行预报计算,并对该计算方法应用于潜艇操纵性水动力预报计算的计算精度与适用范围进行了探讨。     

基于CFD法的对转螺旋桨敞水性能参数匹配研究

摘要：采用雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯（RANS)法对B型螺旋桨和对转螺旋桨周围的粘性流场进行数值处理,运用Pro/E和GAMBIT软件分别进行三维建模和网格划分,并采用ORIGIN和TECPLOT后处理软件对结果进行图像处理。分析研究湍流模型对螺旋桨水动力性能的影响,对对转桨进行数值计算验证,同时对其敞水性能参数的匹配问题进行探讨,分析其尾流和速度场的变化情况。结果表明：SST 模型为较佳的湍流模型;对转桨在适当的桨距比和直径比的情况下,后桨可充分吸收前桨的尾涡能量,其推进效率明显提高。     

菜园坝大桥施工阶段的抖振时域分析

重庆菜园坝长江大桥是钢箱系杆拱、桁梁的组合结构拱桥,其施工阶段的刚度与使用阶段相比要小得多。为避免抖振引起的施工安全问题,在利用线性滤波器中的AR模型进行了三维脉动风场模拟的基础上采用时域分析法对各施工工况下的抖振响应进行了分析,所得结果可直接用于工程设计和施工控制,也可为今后该类桥梁的设计和施工提供参考。     

桥梁闭口箱梁三分力数值识别中的湍流模型比选

对以苏通桥断面为例的桥梁闭口箱梁模型进行了三分力系数CFD数值识别。分别采用不同湍流模型及近壁条件进行数值模拟,并将数值模拟结果与风洞试验值进行比较。同时使用层流模型采用加密网格进行数值模拟,对不同湍流模型模拟结果进行压力等值线的比较,通过识别得到的三分力系数和压力等值线,确定出闭口箱梁绕流数值计算最合理的湍流模型。