渡船螺旋桨水动力性能的数值预报

采用计算流体力学（CFD）方法对某渡船螺旋桨的水动力性能进行数值预报。先用DTMB P5168桨验证数值模型和方法的准确性与可信性,数值计算其推力系数、力矩系数和敞水效率。整个计算域网格划分均采用全六面体形式,分别采用三种湍流模型进行计算。计算结果与实验的比较表明,SST模型和雷诺应力模型有近乎相同的计算精度,但SST模型的计算速度更快;推力系数误差最大5.8%,力矩系数误差最大为1.7%,敞水效率误差最大为4.3%。然后,将此方法运用到渡船螺旋桨,通过对渡船螺旋桨的网格灵敏度、尺度作用以及相关的流场分析,证明该方法能实现对螺旋桨敞水粘性流场的模拟,以及其敞水性能的预报。     

Lengthscales of motions that control air–water gas transfer in grid-stirred turbulence

The relationship between the gas transfer velocity and turbulent lengthscales is investigated experimentally in a grid-stirred turbulent flow. The horizontal velocity field at the water surface is measured using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The gas transfer velocity for oxygen is obtained through reaeration experiments. In addition, the gas transfer process by surface-renewal eddies is visualized using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique, in which carbon dioxide is used as the tracer gas. The definition of the Taylor microscale holds that the root-mean-square (RMS) of the surface divergence is expressed by the square root of the turbulent kinetic energy divided by the Taylor microscale. Experimentally obtained data support this scaling. They show the gas transfer velocity to be proportional to the square root of the RMS of the surface divergence. These experimental results imply that the Taylor microscale is an important parameter for gas transfer velocity at the air–water interface. These relations indicate that a nondimensional gas transfer velocity is proportional to the − 1/4 power of a turbulent-macroscale Reynolds number, which is similar to a small-eddy model, assuming that turbulent eddies with the Kolmogorov scale control the gas transfer process. However, this Reynolds number dependence does not necessarily mean the superiority of turbulent eddies with the Kolmogorov scale in the gas transfer. The LIF visualizations in horizontal and vertical planes close to the air–water interface indicate that the horizontal CO₂-concentration field has a fine spatial pattern, which resembles that of the surface divergence field, and that surface-renewal motions observed in the vertical plane have a larger lengthscale than the Kolmogorov scale. We infer from both PIV and LIF results that the Taylor microscale is an important lengthscale for air–water gas transfer.     

Numerical analysis on free surface waves and stern viscous flow of a ship model

This paper deals with numerical techniques for computing the viscous flow past a ship hull with and without a free surface using a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver with global conservation. In the first technique, a coarse grid is used to find an approximate solution to the free surface problem. Interpolation of a fine grid is subsequently carried out, and a more exact solution, particularly in the boundary layer and wake, is obtained. In the second technique, a modified Baldwin-Lomax model is introduced to compute the viscous flow with and without a free surface. These numerical techniques are applied to simulations of the flow around a Series 60 and an SR196C ship model. The results are compared with measurement data, and the usefulness of the numerical techniques is demonstrated.     

掺气分流墩三维流场数值模拟

采用RNGk-ε三维紊流模型和VOF方法,1:1几何建模,对柘林水电站左岸泄洪洞下游掺气分流墩的三维流场进行了数值模拟.在与原型观测试验对比验证的基础上,对该流场的流态、水面、流速分布和压强分布进行了分析.结果表明:流态模拟正确,水面、流速与原型观测结果均能较好吻合;联合作用下的流场,在三维涡体的形成、增强掺气效果和空化空蚀的防止等方面均明显优于无掺气分流墩的流场;三维涡体主要由两股入水主流与池内前部淹没水跃的水体相互摩擦形成;被抛向高空的水翅在下落入水时卷入大量空气,具有较深穿透力,使得波动坎及坎下区域充分掺气,从而破坏空化,防止空蚀.     

固体火箭发动机尾焰对拖曳式设备的影响分析磁

针对某型试验导弹的拖曳式跟飞设备在飞行过程中受发动机高温高速尾焰影响的问题,提出了利用流体仿真计算确定尾焰辐射区域的方法。文章通过几何建模,并使用Fluent软件进行二维仿真计算,分析了固体火箭发动机尾焰辐射范围,为拖曳式设备可靠跟飞确定了危险区域,为设备自身气动设计等提供了必要的依据。     

High Resolution Ship Hydrodynamics Simulations in Open Source Environment

The numerical simulation of wake and flee-surface flow around ships is a complex topic that involves multiple tasks： the generation of an optimal computational grid and the development of numerical algorithms capable to predict the flow field around a hull. In this paper, a numerical framework is developed aimed at high-resolution CFD simulations of turbulent, free-surface flows around ship hulls. The framework consists in the concatenation of ＂tools＂, partly available in the open-source finite volume library OpenFOAM. A novel, flexible mesh-generation algorithm is presented, capable of producing high-quality computational grids for free-surface ship hydrodynamics. The numerical frame work is used to solve some benchmark problems, providing results that are in excellent agreement with the experimental measures.     

基于修正RNG k-ε模型的叶片泵非设计工况数值模拟

对于非设计工况下流体机械的流场计算,由于其偏离设计工况,分离流动严重等特点,使得用普通的湍流模型数值模拟精度不高。本文采用一种将涡粘性系数Cμ与湍流脉动动能和湍流耗散率的变化相关联的方法,对RNG k-ε湍流模型进行修正。为验证其对非设计工况下叶片泵的预测精度,分别采用修正模型和原始RNG模型,数值模拟了一比转速为439的叶片泵的内部流场,得到了其扬程、效率曲线及在典型工况下的内部流场流线分布。通过比较改进前后RNG湍流模型的数值计算结果,并与实验结果对比,得出修正RNG模型更能准确预测出非设计工况下叶片泵的流场特性。     

不同湍流模型模拟地铁站台气流组织比较

以某地铁站台为例,利用计算流体力学方法,采用标准k-ε模型、RNG k-ε模型、混合长度零方程模型、Chen零方程模型以及v2f模型,对其通风系统下站台、站厅内的温度场和速度场进行数值模拟。通过对不同模型下结果的比较分析,发现Chen零方程湍流模型在较少的收敛迭代次数下,能够得到与标准k-ε模型和RNG k-ε模型较为接近的流场和温度场,而混合长度零方程模型和近年来兴起的v2f模型则与其他模型的计算结果有较大差异。结果表明,在对地铁站台建立热环境数值模型时,湍流模型的选择也需谨慎。     

刚性透水结构作用下水流泥沙特性研究综述*

河道治理及航道整治工程中常用的岸滩守护结构分为实体结构和透水结构两种,其中透水结构具有较大的孔隙率,能够起到消能、防冲促淤的效果,被广泛应用。以植被及四面六边透水框架为代表,结合国内外研究成果,对透水结构作用下水流泥沙特性进行综述,进而指出目前存在的不足之处并提出展望,为后续的研究工作提供参考。相关研究成果表明：与实体结构会引起局部水流剧烈变化不同,透水结构对水流能量的消减较为缓和,阻力特性与淹没程度、孔隙空间结构等有关,其产生的水流紊动呈各向异性,另外,从生态保护的角度来看,透水结构不阻隔物质交换,有利于生境多样化。     

二维低噪声风洞设计

湍流边界层脉动压力谱是水动力噪声预报的重要输入参数.为满足湍流边界层脉动压力测试需求,设计并建造了二维低噪声风洞.风洞设计从流体动力学和声学2方面考虑.流体动力学设计既需要满足流速要求,又需要降低试验段湍流度,提高流动稳定性;声学设计从洞壁隔声,洞体内部消声以及减振3个方面考虑,专门设计了声流式消声器、微穿孔消声器及消声弯头用于降低试验段噪声.二维低噪声风洞建成后有效进行了湍流边界层脉动压力测试.