浅析桥梁防腐涂装方法和施工质量控制

该文分析了桥梁的腐蚀环境和腐蚀特点,通过对海口市和平桥防腐涂装技术研究和应用,提出一些合理的混凝土和钢结构桥梁防腐涂装的方法,并对涂装体系的施工工艺和质量检测控制进行了探讨。     

Reduction of skin friction by microbubbles and its relation with near-wall bubble concentration in a channel

Determination of the flow structure near the wall is essential for a clear insight into the phenomenon of skin friction reduction by microbubbles in a turbulent boundary layer. An important parameter, is the bubble concentration or void fraction in the wall region in drag-reducing conditions. The purpose of this paper is to show drag-reducing effects due to microbubbles in a water channel and, more importantly, to show the dependence of the drag-reduction values on the near-wall void fraction. A two-dimensional channel with an aspect ratio of 10 was specially built for this purpose with provisions for air injection through porous plates. Skin friction was directly measured by a miniature floating element transducer with a 5-mm circular sensing disk mounted flush on the top wall 67 channel-heights downstream of the injector. The wall friction in the presence of air bubbles was found to be reduced under the same bulk velocity when compared with the value without air. Detailed void fraction profiles across the channel were obtained by a sampling probe and a fiber-optic probe. Better collapse of the drag reduction data, independent of different profile shapes, was found when plotted against the near-wall void fraction than against a cross-sectional mean void fraction. While this dependence reconfirms that the phenomena are essentially inner-region dependent, the lack of influence of the bubble distribution patterns away from the wall implies lack of outer region influence.     

国际干散货运输市场回顾与展望

从5个方面对2002年的干散货运输市场进行总体分析预测,同时整理归纳了2002年干散货运输的几大特点。 +     

聚酯纤维水泥稳定碎石抗裂性能试验研究

为有效解决水泥稳定碎石材料易产生裂缝的问题,将聚酯纤维掺加到水泥稳定碎石中以防止其收缩开裂。通过干缩和温缩试验,研究了不同掺量的聚酯纤维对水泥稳定碎石收缩开裂的影响,获得了干缩系数和温缩系数,并提出了聚酯纤维适宜的掺量。结果表明:聚酯纤维水泥稳定碎石抗裂效果显著。     

前顶式干混砂浆运输车的设计要点和注意事项

介绍了国内干混砂浆运输车的产品结构形式及主要结构部件,并介绍了前顶式干混砂浆运输车的设计思路、关键部件罐体、管路及液压系统的设计,分析了设计时各主要总成的注意要点。     

Sideslip angle estimation based on input–output linearisation with tire–road friction adaptation

An adaptive sideslip angle observer considering tire–road friction adaptation is proposed in this paper. The single-track vehicle model with nonlinear tire characteristics is adopted. The tire parameters can be easily obtained through road test data without using special test rigs. Afterwards, this model is reconstructed and a high-gain observer (HGO) based on input–output linearisation is derived. The observer stability is analysed. Experimental results have confirmed that the HGO has a better computational efficiency with the same accuracy when compared with the extended Kalman filter and the Luenberger observer. Finally, a road friction adaptive algorithm based on vehicle lateral dynamics is proposed and validated through driving simulator data. As long as the tires work in the nonlinear region, the maximal friction coefficient could be estimated. This algorithm has excellent portability and is also suitable for other observers.     

Effective assessment of tyre–road friction coefficient using a hybrid estimator

Vehicle stability and active safety control depend heavily on tyre forces available on each wheel of a vehicle. Since tyre forces are strongly affected by the tyre–road friction coefficient, it is crucial to optimise the use of the adhesion limits of the tyres. This study presents a hybrid method to identify the road friction limitation; it contributes significantly to active vehicle safety. A hybrid estimator is developed based on the three degrees-of-freedom vehicle model, which considers longitudinal, lateral and yaw motions. The proposed hybrid estimator includes two sub-estimators: one is the vehicle state information estimator using the unscented Kalman filter and another is the integrated road friction estimator. By connecting two sub-estimators simultaneously, the proposed algorithm can effectively estimate the road friction coefficient. The performance of the proposed estimation algorithm is validated in CarSim/Matlab co-simulation environment under three different road conditions (high-μ, low-μ and mixed-μ). Simulation results show that the proposed estimator can assess vehicle states and road friction coefficient with good accuracy.     

The mechanisms involved during the wet braking of new and worn tires

ABSTRACT

Tires are used by the customers during several tens of thousands of kilometres, and before their replacement, the driver will encounter a continuous variation of tread depth due to the tire wearing. Although the wet braking labelling demonstrates the performance of the tire in the new stage, it is known that the wet traction evolves with tire wear. In this paper, an in-depth comparison of the wet grip performance of new and worn tires will be conducted, based on the regulatory wet braking test. For this purpose, we propose an original approach to analyse braking test results, which allows breaking down and quantifying the relative importance of the mechanisms involved during this test. This study demonstrates that two main mechanisms are taking place during the entire test: rubber friction and hydroplaning mechanisms. The µ value obtained at low speeds reflects the friction potential of the tested tires while the decline of performance at higher speeds is attributed to hydroplaning mechanisms. This analysis is conducted on numerous tires and demonstrates that current regulatory test applied on new tires is focussing mainly on the rubber friction mechanism. The same test applied on worn tires exhibits both rubber friction and hydroplaning mechanisms. The mechanisms decomposition shows that the source of the performance decline from new to worn status varies greatly, some tires having most of their performance loss due to hydroplaning, some others due to rubber friction drop.     

二灰稳定冷再生沥青混合料收缩特性试验研究

二灰稳定冷再生沥青混合料作为道路基层,其抗裂性能尤为重要。通过二灰稳定冷再生沥青混合料的干缩试验分析,并与其他半刚性材料相比,二灰稳定冷再生混合料的干缩特性与相应稳定剂稳定的砂砾土相似。通过温缩试验分析,并与其他半刚性材料相比,二灰稳定冷再生混合料的温缩特性比水泥砂砾差,但优于石灰土及二灰土。     

预应力混凝土连续曲线箱梁预应力效应分析

曲线箱形梁桥是空间复杂受力结构体系,预应力钢束产生的径向分布力是预应力混凝土曲线箱梁产生扭矩的主要原因之一。采用组合有限元法和简化方法分析曲线箱梁中预应力所产生的效应,得出预应力作用产生的内力和变形的变化趋势,为进一步完善曲线预应力混凝土箱梁桥的设计提供了依据。