An overview of maintenance management strategies for corroded steel structures in extreme marine environments

Maintenance is playing an important role in integrity management of marine assets such as ship structures, offshore renewable energy platforms and subsea oil and gas facilities. The service life of marine assets is heavily influenced by the involvement of numerous material degradation processes (such as fatigue cracking, corrosion and pitting) as well as environmental stresses that vary with geographic locations and climatic factors. The composition of seawater constituents (e.g. dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature content, etc.) is one of the major influencing factors in degradation of marine assets. Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of maintenance management strategies can have a significant impact on operational availability and reliability of marine assets. Many research studies have been conducted over the past few decades to predict the degradation behaviour of marine structures operating under different environmental conditions. The utilisation of structural degradation data – particularly on marine corrosion – can be very useful in developing a reliable, risk-free and cost-effective maintenance strategy. This paper presents an overview of the state-of-the-art and future trends in asset maintenance management strategies applied to corroded steel structures in extreme marine environments. The corrosion prediction models as well as industry best practices on maintenance of marine steel structures are extensively reviewed and analysed. Furthermore, some applications of advanced technologies such as computerized maintenance management system (CMMS), artificial intelligence (AI) and Bayesian network (BN) are discussed. Our review reveals that there are significant variations in corrosion behaviour of marine steel structures and their industrial maintenance practices from one climatic condition to another. This has been found to be largely attributed to variation in seawater composition/characteristics and their complex mutual relationships.     

Uncertainties estimates of hull girder still water loads of bulk and dry cargo ships through Monte Carlo simulations

This paper deals with the estimate of uncertainties affecting still water hull girder loads of bulk and dry cargo ships. In strength assessment of ships, two main categories of acting loads are considered: still water loads and wave induced ones. While the latter are generally defined bearing in mind their stochastic nature, this is not the case for still water loads, which are basically deterministically considered. The underlying assumption is that there is an overall control of the operational profile during the service of a ship. However, this is not the case in actual fact, especially for general dry cargo ships and bulk carriers, since the loading/unloading process cannot be fully controlled by the crew, often resulting into loading conditions rather different from those planned by the designer. Based on an earlier work, where loading conditions of the above-mentioned ship types were statistically analyzed, in the present paper Monte Carlo simulations are used to estimate the uncertainties affecting the hull girder still water loads of ships in service, showing that their allowable values can be exceeded due to inaccuracies in ship and cargo management.     

A dynamic Bayesian network model for real-time crash prediction using traffic speed conditions data

Traffic crashes occurring on freeways/expressways are considered to relate closely to previous traffic conditions, which are time-varying. Meanwhile, most studies use volume/occupancy/speed parameters to predict the likelihood of crashes, which are invalid for roads where the traffic conditions are estimated using speed data extracted from sampled floating cars or smart phones. Therefore, a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) model of time sequence traffic data has been proposed to investigate the relationship between crash occurrence and dynamic speed condition data. Moreover, the traffic conditions near the crash site were identified as several state combinations according to the level of congestion and included in the DBN model. Based on 551 crashes and corresponding speed information collected on expressways in Shanghai, China, DBN models were built with time series speed condition data and different state combinations. A comparative analysis of the DBN model using flow detector data and a static Bayesian network model was also conducted. The results show that, with only speed condition data and nine traffic state combinations, the DBN model can achieve a crash prediction accuracy of 76.4% with a false alarm rate of 23.7%. In addition, the results of transferability testing imply that the DBN models are applicable to other similar expressways with 67.0% crash prediction accuracy.     

运营公路隧道衬砌排水系统技术状况评估方法研究

为指导管理单位维护公路隧道衬砌排水系统，保证隧道结构和通行安全，提出一种公路隧道衬砌排水系统技术状况评估方法。根据公路隧道衬砌排水系统结构特点将其划分为排水段、排水单元和排水管段3个层次，分别以各管段的功能性和结构性病害参数作为评价指标建立相应的评价指标体系;参照市政排水管道病害参数的计算方法确定公路隧道衬砌排水系统管段病害参数计算方法;采用SWMMH软件建立公路隧道衬砌排水系统模型，模拟排水系统中地下水的状态，计算各管段和不同工况下排水单元间流量，根据流量比值大小得到不同管段和排水单元的权重；采用分层加权综合评价思想建立功能性和结构性技术状况评价模型。将该模型应用于实际工程中，计算结果能较好地反映排水系统实际状况。     

团雾条件下的高速公路限速分析

高速公路可变限速控制的基本原理,根据能见度距离及路面附着力系数计算不同气象条件下允许的高速公路上的最大行车速度。设计开发基于GSM模块的电子限速牌的远程数据无线收发系统,实现高速公路沿线电子限速牌的远程控制,达到对高速公路主线交通流进行速度控制的目的。     

山区高速公路隧道交通安全研究

随着隧道的较广泛应用,隧道交通安全问题日益突出。研究山区高速公路隧道安全问题,建立安全审核清单以主动防御和减少交通事故,为提高隧道的运营安全性提供了理论和技术支持,具有重要的应用价值。本文研究了山区高速公路隧道安全问题,建立了安全评价清单,并针对隧道安全问题提出了改善措施。     

水平声波剖面法在铁路隧道施工中的应用

深埋长大隧道在施工中经常出现难以预料的不良地质体,给施工带来安全隐患。结合梅花山隧道工程,采用HSP水平声波剖面法对施工掌子面前方围岩进行超前地质预报,并提出了相应的对策措施,取得了较好的应用效果。     

回填土压实度对岩溶地面再次塌陷的影响研究

针对岩溶土洞回填后再次塌陷的问题,分析了土洞形成的机理及条件,并推导了土洞形成的起始条件中地下水位降幅的表达式。进行了红黏土三轴试验,得出三轴试验结果与压实度的关系;根据地面塌陷临界地下水位降幅表达式与三轴试验结果,得到地下水位降幅与回填土压实度的关系,并据此确定了土洞塌陷处回填后,避免再次出现塌陷回填土的最小压实度。     

浅层地震反射法在跨海隧道地质勘察中的应用

跨海隧道的沿线工程地质条件对设计方案的影响较大,施工和运营中的一些风险也往往与地质条件有关。而通过钻探和物探相互印证,是查明隧道沿线工程地质条件的必要手段。物探工作可采用浅层地震反射法,以获取满足工程设计所需的地质资料。本文结合项目实际情况,介绍了项目中浅层地震反射法的实施过程,探讨了应用该方法探明海底隧道沿线工程地质条件效果。通过与钻探资料的比较,验证了应用浅层地震反射法探明海底隧道沿线地层的覆盖层厚度、基岩面变化情况等工程地质条件效果良好。     

桥梁拼宽超载解析

依托京沈高速公路加宽改扩建项目的前期研究课题,对拼宽桥梁的超载状态进行了结构分析和理论研究,通过设定不同的拼接梁高,进行理论计算,得出结论,为高速公路改扩建工程提供理论依据。