道路交通救援点条件覆盖选址策略及评价

在改善道路交通救援服务质量的过程中,救援点的选址是一项重要工作。现有救援点的布局对选址结果具有重要影响。建立选择性的保留现有救援点的双层条件集合覆盖——p-中值模型。通过参数的连续变动,得到一组条件覆盖-p中值选址方案。基于层次分析法,建立选址结果评价体系,为方案的比选提供依据。结合算例分析,表明该方法的可行性与实用性,可以作为成本约束条件下改善道路交通救援服务水平的依据。     

Uncertainties estimates of hull girder still water loads of bulk and dry cargo ships through Monte Carlo simulations

This paper deals with the estimate of uncertainties affecting still water hull girder loads of bulk and dry cargo ships. In strength assessment of ships, two main categories of acting loads are considered: still water loads and wave induced ones. While the latter are generally defined bearing in mind their stochastic nature, this is not the case for still water loads, which are basically deterministically considered. The underlying assumption is that there is an overall control of the operational profile during the service of a ship. However, this is not the case in actual fact, especially for general dry cargo ships and bulk carriers, since the loading/unloading process cannot be fully controlled by the crew, often resulting into loading conditions rather different from those planned by the designer. Based on an earlier work, where loading conditions of the above-mentioned ship types were statistically analyzed, in the present paper Monte Carlo simulations are used to estimate the uncertainties affecting the hull girder still water loads of ships in service, showing that their allowable values can be exceeded due to inaccuracies in ship and cargo management.     

深水半潜式平台大型生活区结构强度研究

结构安全是保证深水半潜式钻井平台在恶劣海况、复杂载荷作用下正常作业的基本前提,而大型生活区往往因参与平台总强度而发生结构损伤,开展对生活区危险区域结构强度和位置布置研究是半潜式平台安全作业运营的重要保障。采用随机性设计波方法确定波浪参数,开展含生活区的半潜式平台结构响应计算和变形分析,总结主导生活区高应力区域的典型波浪载荷工况。通过横向和纵向布置位置对比分析,总结生活区参与平台总强度的规律。结果显示,主导生活区结构强度的典型波浪载荷工况为中纵剖面扭矩和中纵剖面剪力工况;当生活楼前侧围壁与平台首部侧围壁齐平时,参与平台总强度程度较大;生活楼长度增加会增大其参与平台总强度程度;生活楼的长度应避免与平台立柱内侧板的间距相当;分析结果可为半潜式平台生活区设计提供技术支持。     

波浪增阻计算方法对船舶航速的影响分析

失速系数（ fw）是EEDI公式的计算参数之一。文章研究了典型海况下不同的波浪增阻计算方法对船舶航速以及fw的影响。文中主要基于三种波浪增阻理论计算模型,以肥大型船为研究对象,计算分析典型海况蒲氏六级下的波浪增阻系数的分布规律以及相同收到功率下的航速和fw。结果表明：三个理论模型计算得到的fw均低于模型试验结果;Model-3高估了不规则波中的波浪增阻值;Model-1和Model-2计算得到的fw与模型试验结果较接近。     

水口电站坝下工程下引航道水流条件治理分析

水口坝下水位治理工程是无闸低坝枢纽,不能控制洪水、调节泄流位置,无论上游来流量高低,对下游引航道通航条件的影响均较大,本文针对其水流运动特点和泥沙淤积问题,利用水力学原理与泥沙运动理论,创建了隔离水流、切断泥沙流路的技术方法,通过增设隔流墙、拦沙底坎和优化靠船墩布置等工程措施,较好地改变引航道内的水流条件,有效地阻止了泥沙淤积。模型试验结果显示引航道内的水深、流速等通航指标均能满足规范要求,文章提出的方法可供类似工程参考。     

城市轨道交通环线分类及其设置条件

基于国内外城市轨道交通环线的最新建设情况,按照功能和线路形态对环线分类归纳,分析不同类型环线的作用、特点、适用范围和设置条件,总结国内外环线规划建设经验。分析得出:独立环线是结构性环线的最主要形式,约占结构性环线总量的50%;国内以独立环线和组合环线为主,组合环线的内涵在国内有了极大丰富,并对比分析两者的区别及适用范围;独立环线适合强中心、各方向发展较为均衡的城市,组合环线适用于发展不均衡、环线周向出行不多或向心客流少、对环线分流截流功能需求不高的城市。     

城市轨道交通固定资产更新改造技术条件研究

为加强城市轨道交通固定资产更新改造的科学管理,提出将实际使用寿命和以可靠性指标为判定标准的健康状态作为其更新改造技术条件,并分别建立基于韦布尔-泊松过程的固定资产使用寿命估计模型和基于平均故障率、平均故障间隔时间和平均可用度的固定资产健康状态评定模型。最后,利用北京地铁2号线钢轨的伤损数据对提出的更新改造技术条件及评估模型进行实例验证。结果表明,改进的更新改造技术条件及评估模型能够对城市轨道交通固定资产的更新改造需求进行量化分析评定,在城市轨道交通固定资产更新改造实际管理中具有实用性和更好的可操作性。     

泥炭质土不同赋存条件对盾构隧道衬砌结构动力响应特性影响分析

以昆明地铁3号线工程为依托,运用有限元动力分析研究泥炭质土不同赋存条件对盾构隧道衬砌结构动力响应特性的影响,为泥炭质土层盾构隧道衬砌结构抗震设计提供理论指导。结果表明:当隧道周围地层中富含泥炭质软弱夹层时,在地震荷载作用下,隧道结构受力形态呈"椭圆"状,隧道结构轴力、弯矩及主应力减小幅度较大,剪力略小,其中,两侧泥炭质土夹层组合减小幅度最大,对隧道抗震最为有利;当隧道上覆和下卧泥炭质土层时,地层交界面与隧道结构的接触点产生异常的动应力集中,是隧道结构抗震的薄弱环节,因此,盾构隧道的设计、施工应充分考虑隧道结构外侧岩土体的不均匀性,以确保隧道的长期安全性。     

地铁中央空调水系统动态平衡调试方法及案例

阐述地铁中央空调系统的组成和工作原理,论述水系统的动态平衡调试的重要性,研究水系统动态平衡调试的理论性方法及其在实际使用中存在的问题。以广州地铁万胜围站为例,介绍采取模拟系统运行工况调节管路阻力的方法,实现空调水系统的动态平衡。     

An overview of maintenance management strategies for corroded steel structures in extreme marine environments

Maintenance is playing an important role in integrity management of marine assets such as ship structures, offshore renewable energy platforms and subsea oil and gas facilities. The service life of marine assets is heavily influenced by the involvement of numerous material degradation processes (such as fatigue cracking, corrosion and pitting) as well as environmental stresses that vary with geographic locations and climatic factors. The composition of seawater constituents (e.g. dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature content, etc.) is one of the major influencing factors in degradation of marine assets. Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of maintenance management strategies can have a significant impact on operational availability and reliability of marine assets. Many research studies have been conducted over the past few decades to predict the degradation behaviour of marine structures operating under different environmental conditions. The utilisation of structural degradation data – particularly on marine corrosion – can be very useful in developing a reliable, risk-free and cost-effective maintenance strategy. This paper presents an overview of the state-of-the-art and future trends in asset maintenance management strategies applied to corroded steel structures in extreme marine environments. The corrosion prediction models as well as industry best practices on maintenance of marine steel structures are extensively reviewed and analysed. Furthermore, some applications of advanced technologies such as computerized maintenance management system (CMMS), artificial intelligence (AI) and Bayesian network (BN) are discussed. Our review reveals that there are significant variations in corrosion behaviour of marine steel structures and their industrial maintenance practices from one climatic condition to another. This has been found to be largely attributed to variation in seawater composition/characteristics and their complex mutual relationships.