秦淮东河隧洞施工过程数值模拟分析

为保证秦淮东河工程西村隧洞的顺利实施,采用有限单元法对工程区的天然应力场进行数值模拟分析,建立三洞并线计算模型,分别从新挖河道、新建隧洞及上部覆土回填三个过程进行应力应变分析。提出分层开挖及回填的单层深度取值,监测分层开挖及回填时隧洞顶部位移及应力过程变化值。研究发现,隧洞进口处上部覆土约开挖四分之一深度时,存在边坡稳定隐患。覆土回填过程中,隧洞底部因竖向应力较大,而出现向上微拱变形。研究成果可直接应用于引水隧洞工程的设计计算和施工质量控制,可在类似工程中加以推广应用。     

广明高速公路祈福隧道主体结构工程设计

祈福隧道位于广州市番禺区,全长1988m,按设计行车速度100km/h,双向六车道设置,是目前国内比较少见的大规模明挖暗埋高速公路城市下穿隧道。介绍了祈福隧道主体结构工程设计的相关技术和处理原则,对隧道的结构设计、抗浮设计、防排水设计及通风设计等方面进行了探讨,为其他同类隧道工程的建设提供参考。     

基于体积设计法的沥青混合料收缩特性研究

沥青混合料的收缩特性是影响沥青路面低温开裂的一个重要因素,研究混合料的收缩特性对于控制沥青路面低温开裂有着重要意义.许多研究表明,马歇尔重量设计法所确定的沥青混合料的技术标准存在很多局限性,而体积设计法能很好地克服这些不足.采用沥青混合料体积设计法对混合料的收缩特性进行探讨分析,通过试验得出采用体积法设计的混合料具有更...     

对大桥深水基础各类沉井方案的探讨

该文主要介绍长江几座大桥实践上的一些认识和体会,在几种助沉措施的比较和定位工作中提出一些观点和建议,可供同仁商榷。     

Estimation of the tyre–road maximum friction coefficient and slip slope based on a novel tyre model

In this article, a new approach to estimate the vehicle tyre forces, tyre–road maximum friction coefficient, and slip slope is presented. Contrary to the majority of the previous work on this subject, a new tyre model for the estimation of the tyre–road interface characterisation is proposed. First, the tyre model is built and compared with those of Pacejka, Dugoff, and one other tyre model. Then, based on a vehicle model that uses four degrees of freedom, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) method is designed to estimate the vehicle motion and tyre forces. The shortcomings of force estimation are discussed in this article. Based on the proposed tyre model and the improved force measurements, another EKF is implemented to estimate the tyre model parameters, including the maximum friction coefficient, slip slope, etc. The tyre forces are accurately obtained simultaneously. Finally, very promising results have been achieved for pure acceleration/braking for varying road conditions, both in pure steering and combined manoeuvre simulations.     

Comparative study of vehicle tyre–road friction coefficient estimation with a novel cost-effective method

This paper qualitatively and quantitatively reviews and compares three typical tyre–road friction coefficient estimation methods, which are the slip slope method, individual tyre force estimation method and extended Kalman filter method, and then presents a new cost-effective tyre–road friction coefficient estimation method. Based on the qualitative analysis and the numerical comparisons, it is found that all of the three typical methods can successfully estimate the tyre force and friction coefficient in most of the test conditions, but the estimation performance is compromised for some of the methods during different simulation scenarios. In addition, all of these three methods need global positioning system (GPS) to measure the absolute velocity of a vehicle. To overcome the above-mentioned problem, a novel cost-effective estimation method is proposed in this paper. This method requires only the inputs of wheel angular velocity, traction/brake torque and longitudinal acceleration, which are all easy to be measured using available sensors installed in passenger vehicles. By using this method, the vehicle absolute velocity and slip ratio can be estimated by an improved nonlinear observer without using GPS, and the friction force and tyre–road friction coefficient can be obtained from the estimated vehicle velocity and slip ratio. Simulations are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method.     

美日汽车起动机性能指标解析

从起动机设计的角度，分析影响起动机主要性能指标的各项因素和调控规律。重点论述如何调整设计和制造工艺，使产品全面达到满足发动机和整车配套的技术要求。     

波浪作用下船舶撞击力计算参数的选择

系泊船舶在波浪作用下的撞击力往往是大型开敞式码头设计的控制荷载。由于规范公式中船舶附加水体质量系数Cm和波高取值偏小导致计算值与物理模型试验值相差甚大。建议Cm取值为1．7～2．0，波高取为H1%。     

城市轨道交通通风空调设备选型附加系数探讨

已运行的轨道交通通风空调设备,由于选型存在不合理因素,有些不能较好地适应系统的实际需求,而设备选型附加系数取值的合理性是重要原因之一。先对现行设计规范、手册、技术措施、轨道交通工程设计技术要求对设备选型附加系数取值的规定进行了分析;然后对各种通风空调设备分析各参数需要修正的原因、各参数间相互关联对修正的影响;最后提出各类设备需要修正的主要参数及其附加系数的建议值。     

Effect of wave boundary layer on sea-to-air dimethylsulfide transfer velocity during typhoon passage

A full-spectral third-generation ocean wind–wave model (Wavewatch-III) implemented in the South China Sea is used to investigate the effects of the wave boundary layer on the drag coefficient and the sea-to-air transfer velocity of dimethylsulfide (DMS) during passage of Typhoon Wukong (September 5–11, 2000) with a maximum sustained wind speed of 38 m s^− 1. The model is driven by the reanalyzed surface winds (1° × 1°, four times daily) from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. It is found that the wave boundary layer evidently enhances (16.5%) the drag coefficient (in turn increases the momentum flux across the air–sea interface), and reduces (13.1%) the sea-to-air DMS transfer velocity (in turn decreases the sea-to-air DMS flux). This indicates the possibility of important roles of wave boundary layer in atmospheric DMS contents and global climate system.