城市郊区列车与轨道交通区域快线

通过介绍国外城市郊区列车与城市轨道交通区域快线的发展概况,分析我国城市郊区列车与城市轨道交通区域快线的特点、存在的问题,提出我国发展城市轨道交通的建议。     

考虑均衡性的城市轨道交通线路负荷水平评估研究

线路负荷水平的评价工作是优化运输组织方案的重要前提。首先,本文分析了采用单一均值性指标表征负荷水平不能体现线路内负荷分布偏差的问题。为此,从城市轨道交通线路客流与运输能力匹配的角度出发,以列车负荷为评价单元,建立包括负荷均值和标准差率二维指标的线路负荷水平评估模型。负荷均值指标考虑了各评价单元加权计算,以反映每个评价单元对线路负荷水平的贡献程度,标准差率指标表征负荷均衡性。模型分析得出,线路所有区间的运力同等规模变化不影响标准差率指标,相对提高大客流区间或大客流方向上的输送能力能够改善线路负荷的均衡性。算例分析表明：客流方向不均衡系数超过 1.4 时,应考虑运力优化措施以提高运输能力利用的均衡;组织列车大小交路方案和不成对行车模式,能够提高线路负荷的均衡程度。     

基于改进密度聚类算法的交通事故地点聚类研究

交通事故特征受地域分布影响显著,本文对交通事故特征进行优化聚类研究.基于 2019年无锡市交通事故数据,调用开放地图接口地理编码解算事故地点经纬度,使用密度聚类算法对事故地点与事故原因进行密度聚类.传统的密度聚类算法依赖距离阈值和样本数阈值的准确输入,为解决这一局限,建立一种自适应搜索距离阈值和样本数阈值的密度聚类模型,并与原始聚类模型进行对比.结果表明,优化算法在参数确定上更加智能,对簇的划分更加准确,对噪声点的识别更加合理.通过机器学习中轮廓系数计算方法计算模型得分,证明了该算法在城市道路交通事故地理位置聚类中的适用性.     

新冠肺炎交通防控政策对长沙市人口流动的影响

为探究新冠肺炎疫情下交通防控政策对长沙市人口流动的影响,本文根据长沙市在新冠 肺炎疫情期间颁布的交通防控政策和疫情实时防控情况划分防控阶段,基于百度迁徙大数据,利 用双重差分模型,识别长沙市不同阶段的交通防控政策以及量化防控效果,分析交通防控政策对 长沙市人口流动的影响。结果显示,长沙市在交通管制阶段,平均人口迁出强度、平均人口迁入 强度及城市内部出行强度分别下降了83.68%、69.24%及59.74%,有效地控制了人口流动,降低了 疫情扩散危险。在交通恢复阶段,长沙市人口流动强度逐渐反弹,城市内部出行强度基本恢复到 2019年同期水平。本文研究结果显示了交通管制对疫情扩散限制的有效性,为常态化疫情防控 下精准防控政策和复工复产政策制定提供参考。     

基于网络交通分配方法族谱的交通分配 一体化技术与工程应用

为满足交通规划、建设与管理等应用场景对交通分配多样化的需求,结合目前交通分配方 法族谱中的众多模型与方法,本文构建能够满足族谱中所有交通分配特征的一体化交通分配技 术框架,提出交通网络交通分配一体化技术体系,并将该体系嵌入交通分析平台软件“交运之星- TranStar”中。该技术体系包括：“模型关键参数”“交通阻抗函数”“交通网络交通分配基础模型与 快速算法”3部分模块组合的分析模型一体化;面向步行、自行车、机动车及公共交通等多模式交 通网络的分析对象一体化;针对城市土地开发,交通网络建设,交通管理控制,公共交通系统,以 及交通政策制定等应用场景一体化。选取南京市道路网络和公交网络进行实证分析。结果表 明,本文提出的交通分配一体化技术具有处理超万节点多模式交通网络的能力,对各类交通模 式、典型业务场景的分析结果可为城市交通系统规划、建设与管理提供决策支持。     

南昌市桃花南路快速化改造工程——九洲高架节点立交方案研究

桃花南路为南昌市干线路网中的干线性主干道,同时也是一环线与二环线之间的连接线,九洲高架节点作为该通道中关键的转换节点,亟须与桃花南路同步进行提升改造.基于功能定位、交通量分析和现状条件,对立交改造进行了多方案设计和比选,涉及的方案和经验可供类似项目参考.     

Controller design for gating traffic control in presence of time-delay in urban road networks

Recent studies demonstrated the efficiency of feedback-based gating control in mitigating congestion in urban networks by exploiting the notion of macroscopic or network fundamental diagram (MFD or NFD). The employed feedback regulator of proportional-integral (PI)-type targets an operating NFD point of maximum throughput to enhance the mobility in the urban road network during the peak period, under saturated traffic conditions. In previous studies, gating was applied directly at the border of the protected network (PN), i.e. the network part to be protected from over-saturation. In this work, the recently developed feedback-based gating concept is applied at junctions located further upstream of the PN. This induces a time-delay, which corresponds to the travel time needed for gated vehicles to approach the PN. The resulting extended feedback control problem can be also tackled by use of a PI-type regulator, albeit with different gain values compared to the case without time-delay. Detailed procedures regarding the appropriate design of related feedback regulators are provided. In addition, the developed feedback concept is shown to work properly with very long time-steps as well. A large part of the Chania, Greece, urban network, modelled in a microscopic simulation environment under realistic traffic conditions, is used as test-bed in this study. The reported results demonstrate a stable and efficient behaviour and improved mobility of the overall network in terms of mean speed and travel time.     

A systematic analysis of multimodal transport systems with road space distribution and responsive bus service

A smart design of transport systems involves efficient use and allocation of the limited urban road capacity in the multimodal environment. This paper intends to understand the system-wide effect of dividing the road space to the private and public transport modes and how the public transport service provider responds to the space changes. To this end, the bimodal dynamic user equilibrium is formulated for separated road space. The Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD) model is employed to depict the dynamics of the automobile traffic for its state-dependent feature, its inclusion of hypercongestion, and its advantage of capturing network topology. The delay of a bus trip depends on the running speed which is in turn affected by bus lane capacity and ridership. Within the proposed bimodal framework, the steady-state equilibrium traffic characteristics and the optimal bus fare and service frequency are analytically derived. The counter-intuitive properties of traffic condition, modal split, and behavior of bus operator in the hypercongestion are identified. To understand the interaction between the transport authority (for system benefit maximization) and the bus operator (for its own benefit maximization), we examine how the bus operator responds to space changes and how the system benefit is influenced with the road space allocation. With responsive bus service, the condition, under which expanding bus lane capacity is beneficial to the system as a whole, has been analytically established. Then the model is applied to the dynamic framework where the space allocation changes with varying demand and demand-responsive bus service. We compare the optimal bus services under different economic objectives, evaluate the system performance of the bimodal network, and explore the dynamic space allocation strategy for the sake of social welfare maximization.     

营运大客车正面碰撞乘员伤害的研究

客车发生正面碰撞事故约占客车碰撞事故的50%~60%。利用LS-DYNA软件,建立了包括假人、安全带和安全气囊在内的大客车车体有限元模型,对不同速度下营运大客车的正面碰撞特性进行了模拟仿真计算,分析了无任何保护措施、佩戴安全带及佩戴安全带且安全气囊起爆三种事故形态下乘员头部HPC值、胸部压缩量和大腿骨轴向接触力等伤害值。研究结果表明,安全带对于驾驶员的保护意义重大,为营运大客车乘员保护设计以及合理制定营运大客车正面碰撞法规提供数据参考。     

城市轨道交通车辆基地室外综合管沟的应用研究

室外管线综合设计是城市轨道交通车辆基地设计的重点和难点,通常室外管线多以直埋的方式敷设于地下,但这种方式在设计、施工、运营维护阶段均存在着一些问题,因此提出了在室外设置综合管沟的方式,尽可能解决目前出现的问题.针对相关问题,提出了设置室外综合管沟的必要性和意义,从入沟管线种类分析、综合管沟管线布置原则、断面设计、特殊节...