简析城市轨道交通首列车试验工作

从首列车试验的需求出发,阐述首列车试验的分类、内容和程序,并对首列车试验的典型案例进行了分析,提出了相关建议,对地铁公司首列车的试验工作具有一定的参考和借鉴意义。     

城市轨道交通运营部门建立模拟法人管理体制的初步探讨

论述模拟法人的概念和体制优势,提出了城市轨道交通企业运营部门建立模拟法人管理体制“合理授权”与“战略管控”相结合的总体思路,详细阐述了“授权与明职”、“推行战略预算管控”、“开展关键绩效考评”的实施方法和操作流程,最后指出了保障实施的相关建议。     

国产MTC-I型CBTC系统的安全认证实践与探讨

重点围绕城市轨道交通国产MTC-I型列车控制系统（CBTC）独立第三方安全评估与认证工作,阐述了信号安全攸关系统的技术标准规范体系、安全完整度等级、安全认证类型、风险评价原则等概念与定义。基于安全认证、系统生命周期、安全保障架构、项目风险管理、安全审核与评估等具体内容描述了MTC—I型CBTC系统通用产品安全认证实践过程。对建立我国城轨交通行业发展的安全认证体系、实施策略以及风险管控原则等安全认证要素进行了分析与探讨。     

城市轨道交通晚点列车的运行调整模型

分析了城市轨道交通列车发生出发晚点后,在确保安全的前提下,针对不同的初始晚点时间利用运行图缓冲时间进行运行调整的策略。该策略旨在尽量避免连带晚点,并使所有受影响列车尽快恢复正点运行。最后建立了列车运行图的实时调整模型,并运用仿真软件对策略进行了验证。     

城市轨道交通接触轨故障的应急处置

根据城市轨道交通接触轨的运行特点,基于列车有效取流长度,分析了可能存在的接触轨故障情况,详细描述了应急组织及实施方案,并研究了抢修过程中的难题,初步构建了接触轨故障情况下的应急处置框架,为今后运营出现该类故障的应急处置提供技术支持。     

Neighborhood services,trip purpose,and tour-based travel

Communities are increasingly looking to land use planning strategies to reduce drive-alone travel. Many planning efforts aim to develop neighborhoods with higher levels of accessibility that will allow residents to shop closer to home and drive fewer miles. To better understand how accessible land use patterns relate to household travel behavior, this paper is divided into three sections. The first section describes the typical range of services available in areas with high neighborhood accessibility. It explains how trip-based travel analysis is limited because it does not consider the linked (chained) nature of most travel. The second section describes a framework that provides a more behavioral understanding of household travel. This framework highlights travel tours, the sequence of trips that begin and end at home, as the basic unit of analysis. The paper offers a typology of travel tours to account for different travel purposes; by doing so, this typology helps understand tours relative to the range of services typically offered in accessible neighborhoods. The final section empirically analyzes relationships between tour type and neighborhood access using detailed travel data from the Central Puget Sound region (Seattle, Washington). Households living in areas with higher levels of neighborhood access are found to complete more tours and make fewer stops per tour. They make more simple tours (out and back) for work and maintenance (personal, appointment, and shopping) trip purposes but there is no difference in the frequency of other types of tours. While they travel shorter distances for maintenance-type errands, a large portion of their maintenance travel is still pursued outside the neighborhood. These findings suggest that while higher levels of neighborhood access influences travel tours, it does not spur households to complete the bulk of their errands close to home.     

Performance Evaluation of Hybrid-Drive Buses and Potential Fuel Savings in Brazilian Urban Transit

Transporting more than 55 million passengers per day, buses are the main transit mode in Brazil. Most of these vehicles use diesel oil and this situation causes dependence on oil, extensive greenhouse gas emissions and increasing air pollution in urban areas. In order to improve this situation the options for Brazilian cities include the use of alternative fuels and new propulsion technologies, such as hybrid vehicles. This article proposes a procedure for evaluating the performance of a recently developed Brazilian hybrid-drive technology. A simple procedure is presented to compare hybrid-drive buses with conventional diesel buses in urban operation focusing on fuel economy and the potential for reducing diesel oil consumption through the use of hybrid-drive buses. Field tests carried out by the authors indicate that fuel consumption improvement through the use of hybrid-drive buses would certainly exceed 20%, resulting in lower fuel costs and reduced carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions.     

北京城市交通发展战略研究

本文综合分析了北京城市交通现状，运用生产力布局的理论对北京城市交通拥堵的原因进行分析，探索了国内外大城市交通发展的最新趋势，根据发展“首都经济”的要求．提出解决北京城市交通拥堵问题，必须采取标本兼治，并提出北京城市交通发展战略研究的有关建议。.     

基于火场信息的地铁车站智能疏散技术研究

火灾是城市轨道交通车站内影响最为严重的事故之一,科学合理的安全疏散方案是突发火灾时确保乘客出行安全的重要保障。然而,目前地铁车站火灾疏散方案中的疏散路线难以根据火场情况动态调整。针对地铁车站疏散路径固定单一的弊端,基于地铁车站内的监控系统,利用计算机视觉技术识别人员分布信息和火灾发生位置,建立空间拓扑模型,利用改进的蚁群算法规划出耗时最短且转弯次数较少的疏散路线,实现站内乘客更科学高效的疏散,最后通过3个场景的案例应用验证本文所提疏散方法的有效性。     

基于“湖仓一体”技术的城轨大数据平台设计与升级改造实践

为了探寻城市轨道交通行业大数据平台建设与升级改造的最优方案,本文以城轨大数据平台为研究对象,从城轨大数据平台发展历程出发,梳理城轨大数据平台发展的3个阶段,分析各阶段大数据平台所采用的技术与优缺点,重点总结当前阶段“湖仓一体”大数据技术所具备的湖仓一体、流批一体、OLTP+OLAP、多重负载等优点,研究了基于该技术的大数据平台架构升级改造设计要点,并将该技术在北京地铁数据中心的大数据平台升级改造中进行应用验证。结果表明：“湖仓一体”大数据平台技术兼具数据湖的低成本、数据仓库的高性能等优点,解决了原大数据平台在性能、容量与多用途支持上的不足,为城轨行业大数据平台建设与升级改造提供了新的解决思路。