Environmental impacts of transformative land use and transport developments in the Greater Beijing Region: Insights from a new dynamic spatial equilibrium model

This paper reports the insights into environmental impacts of the ongoing transformative land use and transport developments in Greater Beijing, from a new suite of dynamic land use, spatial equilibrium and strategic transport models that is calibrated for medium to long term land use and transport predictions. The model tests are focused on urban passenger travel demand and associated emissions within the municipality of Beijing, accounting for Beijing’s land use and transport interactions with Tianjin, Hebei and beyond. The findings suggests that background trends of urbanization, economic growth and income rises will continue to be very powerful drivers for urban passenger travel demand across all main modes of transport beyond 2030. In order to achieve the dual policy aims for a moderately affluent and equitable nation and reducing the absolute levels of urban transport emissions by 2030, road charging and careful micro-level coordination between land use, built form and public transport provision may need to be considered together for policy implementation in the near future.     

规划盐泰锡常宜铁路长江桥位线路方案研究

针对盐泰锡常宜铁路越江问题,分析区域沿江城市规划、区域过江通道、水文、地质特征与河势,提出长江桥位线路方案。最后,通过长江特大桥建桥条件及引入泰锡常地区条件等全面系统分析,选出江阴铁路大桥方案为合理方案。     

Beyond “Peak Car”: A reflection on the evolution of public sentiment about the role of cars in cities

In this volume, Jones has made a persuasive case for considering recently observed reductions in car use (and sometimes car ownership) in a number of major northern cities as part of an evolutionary process, rather than the consequence of transient conditions such as the economic downturn of 2008 and its relatively slow recovery. In an era bringing new service models for mobility and communications that have important implications for safety, security, the environment and well-being, he points to the role of public attitudes and sentiments that may underlie changing policy priorities and an associated culture change with respect to transport in cities and the reclamation of street space. This paper briefly explores the role of public sentiments and reflects on the apparent emergence of a popular subculture that favors living, if possible, without owning or using cars, in contrast to older subcultures embracing more extreme sentiments that are either Car-centered or emphatically anti-car.     

寒冷地区水泥混凝土路面养护新技术

寒冷地区内自然环境对水泥混凝土路面会造成严重的破坏,给交通运输事业造成不利影响.提出水泥混凝土路面板底灌浆技术和混凝土路面边角快速修复方法等一系列混凝土路面养护新技术.     

筑养路机械在低温条件下的使用 与 保养

鉴于我国筑养路机械在低温条件下的使用与保护存在诸多问题， 通过对筑养路机械在低温条件下的使用与保养分析，提出筑养过程中要根据低温条件与机械技术情况变化，合理、有效地进行筑养路机械的使用与养护，从而确保机械的正常使用，同时避免事故发生，保证施工质量。     

Island Villagers’ Willingness to Work or Pay for Sustainability of a Marine Fishery Reserve: Case of San Miguel Island,Philippines

Establishment of marine reserves or marine protected areas (MPAs) has emerged as a major coastal resource management tool in the Philippines. A major sustainability constraint is the enforcement of MPA and fisheries regulations. We contribute to the literature of using stated preference methods to investigate the local residents’ willingness to work (WTW) and willingness to pay (WTP) for the continued existence of the San Miguel Island (SMI) fishery reserve in Bicol Region, Philippines. We surveyed 435 respondents in three villages. The lower-bound mean WTW is 3.5 days/mo for residents in the “owner” village and 1.9 days/mo for residents in adjacent villages. Using a fraction of mean daily income to impute the monetary equivalent of WTW, the result is more than 3 times higher than the Php16 to 25/mo (US$0.34 to 0.75/mo) estimated mean WTP. We hypothesize that labor market in this rural village is incomplete so residents have stronger preference for money than for time. However, further investigation on the opportunity cost of time and understanding the labor market is warranted when using WTW in a valuation framework. Some policy implications are: (1) considering use of voluntary labor as management option for MPAs and (2) establishing “own village” MPAs may increase residents’ conservation value.     

智能网联先导区道路交叉口车路协同系统设计

近年来,车路协同是汽车与交通行业发展的重要方向之一,而车路协同环境建设和推广也成为先导区建设的重中之重。车路协同系统利用无线通信、传感器检测、高精度地图定位、人工智能、计算机等众多技术来获取车辆和道路信息,在实现人、车、路充分协同的同时,从而达到主动提高道路交通安全、最优化利用系统资源、缓解交通拥挤的目标,形成安全、效率、环保的道路交通系统。先导区一般选址在车流量大、道路环境复杂、附近居住人口密集的区域。先导区内汽车智能与网联化测试、V2X场景实现均需要借助于车路协同系统环境。本文介绍了先导区道路交叉口车路协同系统涵盖的技术,以及实现的功能和信息服务场景,并从车端、路端给出了相应场景的解决方案。     

城市核心区地铁线站位研究——以西安地铁5号线新桃园—劳动南路段为例

新桃园—劳动南路段地处西安城市核心区,建筑物密集、交通繁忙,很大程度限制了地铁5号线走行自由度。从方案概况、线路技术条件、客流吸引条件、与周边环境的适应性及工程实施条件等方面对4个线站位比选方案进行比选,推荐沿桃园路方案。从站位研究和换乘方案分析得出5、8号线在新桃园站采用L形换乘,8号线车站设置在5号线东侧方案是合理可行的。比选结论及建议可以对功能日渐强大的城市核心区线站位选择提供借鉴意义。总结在城市核心区地铁线站位研究过程中应力求做到的层面,以确保最终推荐的工程方案合理可行。     

岩溶山区隧道地下水漏失对植物生长的影响分析及对策

为研究隧道建设引起的地下水漏失对周围生态环境的影响,依托穿越中梁山山脉通向重庆市区西部的3条重叠相交岩溶隧道（襄渝铁路中梁山隧道、渝遂高速公路大学城隧道和成渝客专铁路歌乐山隧道）的地下水漏失情况,对其影响区内的生态环境及植被生长进行长期监测与综合分析,利用树轮宽度均值探讨地下水漏失对隧址区优势植物（马尾松、杉木）的生长影响,提出基于生态环境保护的隧道地下水“以堵为主、限量排放”的建设思路。研究结果表明: “以排为主”的襄渝铁路中梁山隧道,造成马尾松生物量明显降低（衰退幅度达71.4%）,而“以堵为主、限量排放”的其他2条隧道对马尾松的影响则相对小; 3条隧道的建设对杉木的生长都产生了不利影响,影响范围在隧道轴线两侧1 km左右; 基于马尾松出现生长恢复的时期（1992-1997年）,建议将此阶段的最低地下水位作为隧址区地下水生态平衡埋深下限值,进而确定中梁山地区隧道的“以堵为主、限量排放”中限量排放的生态地下水位值,为岩溶山区隧道限量排放的地下水位控制提供参考。     

宁波软土地区基坑数值计算中HS模型参数试验研究

土体HS模型已成为软土基坑数值模拟中较为常用的本构模型之一,但由于其模型参数较多,很多参数无法从勘察报告中直接获取。为了解决模型参数的取值问题,选取宁波地区典型的2种土样（淤泥质土、粉质黏土）,开展标准固结试验、三轴固结排水剪切试验以及三轴固结排水加载-卸载-再加载试验,获得土体应力-应变关系。根据曲线确定宁波地区典型土层的HS模型参数Erefoed、Eref50、Erefur、c′、φ′ 和Rf,以及模型参数之间的关系。并将试验结果与上海软土地区、天津软土地区取得的模量关系进行对比分析。最后对宁波新典路过街通道深基坑工程进行三维有限元分析,计算结果与实测数据较为接近,从而验证HS 模型及试验获取的HS参数在宁波地区基坑开挖数值计算中的适用性。