Robust identification of air traffic flow patterns in Metroplex terminal areas under demand uncertainty

Multi-Airport Systems (MAS), or Metroplexes, serve air traffic demand in cities with two or more airports. Due to the spatial proximity and operational interdependency of the airports, Metroplex airspaces are characterized by high complexity, and current system structures fail to provide satisfactory utilization of the available airspace resources. In order to support system-level design and management towards increased operational efficiency in such systems, an accurate depiction of major demand patterns is a prerequisite. This paper proposes a framework for the robust identification of significant air traffic flow patterns in Metroplex systems, which is aligned with the dynamic route service policy for the effective management of Metroplex operations. We first characterize deterministic demand through a spatio-temporal clustering algorithm that takes into account changes in the traffic flows over the planning horizon. Then, in order to handle uncertainties in the demand, a Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) approach is proposed, which takes into account demand variations and prediction errors in a robust way to ensure the reliability of the demand identification. The DRO-based approach is applied on pre-tactical (i.e. one-day planning) as well as operational levels (i.e. 2-h rolling horizon). The framework is applied to Time Based Flow Management (TBFM) data from the New York Metroplex. The framework and results are validated by Subject Matter Experts (SMEs).     

涵洞在岩溶地区路基溶洞处理中的应用

文章以广西靖西至那坡高速公路为项目背景，针对该项目所遇岩溶问题提出相应的处治措施，并根据溶洞所处位置及作用分类，总结归纳出几种采用涵洞处治的方案，同时阐述了涵洞结构尺寸设计要点。     

What drives people to accept automated vehicles? Findings from a field experiment

This field study aims at understanding the influence of direct experience of an automated vehicle (AV, Level 3) and explaining and predicting public acceptance of AVs through a psychological model. The model includes behavioral intention (BI) to use self-driving vehicles (SDVs, Level 5), willingness to re-ride (WTR) in our AV (Level 3), and their four potential determinants, namely perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), trust related to SDVs, and perceived safety (PS) while riding in our AV. The last two determinants are largely ignored, but we consider them critical in the context of AVs. Three-hundred students were invited as participants (passengers) to experience the AV. The trust, PU, PEU, and BI of the participants were recorded prior to their experiencing the AV; after this experience, all the constructs of the psychological model were recorded. The participants’ experience with the AV was found to increase their trust, PU and PEU (but not BI), the consistency between PU/PEU and BI, and the explanatory power of BI. The model explained 55% of the variance in BI and 40% in WTR. PU, trust, and PS were found to be steady and direct predictors of both the acceptance measures; PEU predicted BI only after the participants’ AV experience. Mediation analysis showed that trust also can indirectly affect AV acceptance through other determinants. Out-of-sample prediction confirmed the model’s predictive capability for AV acceptance. The theoretical contributions and practical implications of the findings are discussed.     

“双碳”目标下城市中心区地下公共空间与轨道交通一体化发展机制与评价方法研究

为探究城市空间集约和土地高效利用背景下城市中心区地下公共空间与轨道交通一体化发展的低碳效应，梳理城市中心区地下公共空间与轨道交通一体化发展在构成要素、开发生命周期等方面的特征，分析一体化策划、规划、设计、建造和运维等发展阶段对促进“双碳”目标实现的作用与意义； 构建基于“双碳”目标的包含城市轨道交通发展、城市发展、一体化的低碳效应、城市中心区发展和城市中心区开发5项准则层指标在内的22项指标的一体化测度指标体系，综合运用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法构建城市中心区地下公共空间与轨道交通一体化发展评价方法体系。以南京新街口中心区2005年、2010年、2014年和2019年4个典〖JP2〗型阶段为例进行评价，结果分别为2.349、3.105、3.588和4.222，对应的一体化发展水平分别为较差、中、良和良。对照南京新街口中心区渐进式一体化发展历程可知，南京新街口中心区地下公共空间与轨道交通一体化发展对促进区域“双碳”目标实现作用显著。     

城市土地利用对轨道交通运营的影响——以纽约地铁为例

纽约地铁历经100多年的建设和运营,其高峰时段的过度拥挤和财务亏损一直是困扰纽约市政府和居民的难题.结合纽约城市扩张中土地利用形态的演化,重新梳理纽约地铁的建设和运营历程,并从票制、客运量、运营组织模式以及土地利用四个角度分析纽约地铁的运营绩效特征.通过考虑规模效应和“峰值效应”,发现纽约城市扩张过程中土地利用形态的演...     

岩溶发育区深埋隧道水岩相互作用机理

结合渝怀铁路圆梁山隧道涌水实例,运用地球化学和断裂力学有关理论分析岩溶区深埋隧道的水岩相互作用机理,探讨水岩相互作用对岩溶地区隧道施工发生涌水、突泥的影响。研究表明:岩体的水力劈裂作用导致的裂纹扩展属于Ⅰ Ⅱ复合型裂纹问题;隧道开挖改变岩溶地下水循环系统的平衡,特别是深埋隧道在高水压作用下,施工爆破等作业使围岩裂隙的连通性增大,张开度增加,围岩体内裂隙发生扩展是最终形成大岩溶管道的关键;在高水头压力作用地段,水力劈裂作用造成导水裂隙进一步扩展,导致本来并不连通的岩溶管道产生水力联系,形成大型岩溶漏斗系统;如果隔水层在爆破过程中被破坏,大量岩溶水和填充物进入隧道可能会造成突发性大规模涌水突泥事故。超前地质预报或加强灌浆是确保隧道施工顺利通过隐伏大型岩溶区的有力工程措施。     

我国老港区改造模式分析

随着我国沿海地区经济持续快速发展，许多沿海港口同时面临着新港区的开辟与老港区的改造。对老港区存在的问题进行总结归纳，结合案例分析探讨我国老港区的改造模式与思路。     

航运安全文化建设初探

探讨了航运安全文化的起源和发展,介绍了ISM规则、STCW 95公约和PSC检查在航运安全文化建设中的里程碑作用和航运安全文化的观念碰撞,提出了航运安全文化的适用范围、航运安全文化的理念和安全共建的方案。