船舶修理项目成本控制原则

文章从全面控制，开源与节流相结合，目标管理，责、权、利相结合，节约5方面阐述了合理配置船舶修理中所消耗的人力、物力、财力，控制项目成本，达到降本增效的目的。     

Using the revenues from congestion pricing

The economic theory behind congestion pricing relies on using the revenues to help compensate highway users. But can practical methods of using revenues come close to achieving this compensation, and still have salient appeal to important political groups? This paper investigates the possibilities for designing a package of revenue uses that can achieve these twin goals. The suggested approach returns two-thirds of the revenues to travelers through travel allowances and tax reductions, and uses the rest to improve transportation throughout the area, including affected business centers. By replacing regressive sales and fuel taxes, this approach offsets the tendency of the prices alone to have a regressive distributional impact. By lowering taxes, funding new highways, improving transit, and upgrading business centers, the package provides inducements for support from several key interest groups. The potential amounts of money involved are discussed using nationwide data, and in more detail using a case study of ubiquitous facility pricing throughout the Los Angeles region. Illustrative calculations of the effects on various individuals confirm that such a package can create net benefits for a wide spectrum of people and interest groups.     

A capacity restraint transit assignment with elastic line frequency

This paper proposes a new formulation for the capacity restraint transit assignment problem with elastic line frequency, in which the line frequency is related to the passenger flows on transit lines. A stochastic user equilibrium transit assignment model with congestion and elastic line frequency is proposed and the equivalent mathematical programming problem is also formulated. Since the passenger waiting time and the line capacity are dependent on the line frequency, a fixed point problem with respect to the line frequency is devised accordingly. The existence of the fixed point problem has been proved. A solution algorithm for the proposed model is presented. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the application of the proposed model and solution algorithm.     

青藏铁路格拉段工费标准及降效系数的初探

分析了现行铁路工程工费标准及降效系数等有关规定有青藏铁路格拉段工程的适用性，并采用类比分析法及实际测算法等不同方法，对工费标准及降效系数进行了初步探讨。     

施工企业工程造价控制

主要从成本费用预测和成本费用控制两方面着手，对施工企业工程造价的控制进行论述。成本费用预测常用的方法为定性预测和定量预测。通过利用原有资料和依靠专业人员的经验，对成本费用进行定性预测；利用数学模型，对成本费用进行定量预测。成本费用控制常用的方法为PDCA管理循环法、价值工程法。此文通过工程实例，采用价值工程法，论述成本费用的控制。     

关于提高我国隧道设计施工技术水平的几个关键问题

根据国内外隧道技术的发展过程 ,本文根据我国国情 ,从提高隧道的工程质量 ,降低隧道工程造价以及重视和保护环境三个方面探讨了提高我国隧道设计施工技术水平的几个关键问题 ,并提出了一些具体措施。     

浅论施工组织方案对工程成本的影响

通过具体的案例，分析了施工组织方案对节约工程成本和提高施工效益的影响。     

世界银行贷款项目“卫津路拓宽工程”的经济效益计算

本市以天津城市主干道卫津路拓宽改造工程为例，论述城市道路经济效益计算方法。按全天高峰小时、非高峰小时，分别计算机动车和非机动车的运营成本、时间价值及事故费用，采用有、无项目对比法．进行经济效益计算。经济效益中以车辆行程时间延误与路口时间延误的节约作为主要效益。     

京珠南高速公路石方爆破施工技术

京珠南高速公路22标段1664577m^3石方爆破施工根据地形地质条件和设计要求，采取了药壶爆破法、深孔爆破法和光面爆破法3种主要爆破方法。在施工中，由于爆破方案合理，选用参数正确，控制措施得当，从而有效地降低了工程造价，确保了工程进度，并保证了施工安全。此文重点对3种爆破方法的布孔方式、参数选定、起爆方案、装药结构等进行探讨。