Estimation of rail passenger flow and system utilization with ticket transaction and gate data

Capturing the dynamics in passenger flow and system utilization over time and space is extremely important for railway operators. Previous studies usually estimated passenger flow using automatic fare collection data, and their applications are limited to a single stopping pattern and/or a single type of ticket. However, the conventional railway in Taiwan provides four types of ticket and five types of train service with a number of stopping patterns. This study develops a comprehensive framework and corresponding algorithms to map passenger flow and evaluate system utilization. A multinomial logit model is constructed and incorporated in the algorithms to estimate passenger train selection behavior. Results from the empirical studies demonstrate that the developed framework and algorithms can successfully match passengers with train services. With this tool, operators can efficiently examine passenger flow and service utilization, thereby quickly adjusting their service strategies accordingly to improve system performance.     

船舶能量流通分析及综合利用技术研究

针对船舶航行时能量浪费等问题,以柴油动力船舶为研究对象,分析船舶的能量流通情况,得出全船能量流通的初步特性,并以此为基础对船舶的能量综合利用技术开展初步研究.首先,考虑到柴油动力船舶动力由正常航行时柴油动力、应急航行时蓄电池动力两大部分组成,从源头出发,分析正常、应急航行时全船能量流通的主要环节,清理、总结能量“浪费”现象.同时,以全船用电负荷清理入手,明确长期负荷、典型负荷,对典型负荷的能量流通和利用情况开展分析;最后,提出全船能量流通存在的主要问题,并从解决问题出发提出能量综合利用的初步想法或技术方案.     

长江口12.5 m深水航道运行初期的疏浚效益评价

构建疏浚货运比、疏浚单方经济效益2个相对指标,同时结合疏浚土的综合利用,评价长江口12.5 m深水航道运行初期的疏浚效益。结果表明:2011—2015年长江口深水航道疏浚货运比趋于下降,已由运行首年的1 083 m~3/万t降至2015年的765 m~3/万t,降幅近30%。近5年来,深水航道疏浚单方经济效益增加明显,2015年已达到142元/m~3,远高于目前国内疏浚费用单价。同时,用于滩涂围垦的航道疏浚土数量相当可观,有利于控制疏浚和造地成本,实现提高长江口疏浚土利用率和增加上海市土地资源战略储备量的双赢局面。当前长江口12.5 m深水航道已进入全面发挥效益的稳定运行阶段。     

Influence of Light Distribution and Installation Style of Luminaires on Power Consumption and Lighting Effect of Tunnel Lighting北大核心CSCD

Light distribution (LD) and installation style of luminaires affect the utilization factor (UF) of luminaires, and the UF affects the luminaire power and road pavement illuminance and further the power consumption of illu- minating system and the luminous effect of road pavement. An UF model of tunnel lighting was established based on the luminaire LD data and installation parameters, in which four LD styles were adopted. For each LD the parame- ters optimization and simulation were conducted regarding four installation styles, e.g. central style, offset-of-vault style, symmetric style and staggered style. The energy-saving and the lighting effects of each LD and luminaire in- stallation style at the tunnel middle zone were studied. The results show that symmetric luminaire installation is the most energy-saving style and has the best lighting effect than the other three luminaire installation styles; the lighting effect of central luminaire installation is the second best; staggered luminaire installation is the most energy-intensive style and has the worst lighting effect except for some special-shaped LD; waterdrop-shaped LD is the most suitable one along transverse direction of tunnel and applicable to the central, offset-of-vault and symmetric luminaire instal- lation styles; symmetric butterfly-shaped LD is the most suitable one along longitudinal direction of tunnel and appli- cable to the central, offset-of-vault, staggered and symmetric luminaire installation styles; with waterdrop-shaped LD along transverse direction and symmetric butterfly-shaped LD along longitudinal direction, they are suitable for the above four luminaire installation styles, and have better energy-saving and lighting effect; as for the LD with symmetric and oblique curve, it’s better for the profile of oblique luminaire distribution to be comply with that along tunnel transverse direction, and it is suitable for the symmetric and offset-of-vault luminaire installation styles. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

长江经济带典型城市多源污泥协同建材利用集成技术路线研究

长江经济带典型城市多源污泥协同建材利用技术路线集成为“长江大保护”水生态环境修复提供重要技术支撑。基于市政污泥、河湖底泥、通沟污泥、工程泥浆等四种污泥含水率、有机质含量、热值、重金属含量等特征分析并进行了属性分类,筛选并分析了厌氧消化+脱水、脱水/干化、脱水/干化+焚烧等污泥协同处理技术路线的技术参数、成本等,以及制砖、制水泥、制陶粒、制工程用土等污泥协同建材利用技术路线的污染风险、成本等,同时结合多源污泥泥质泥量来源稳定性分析,进行了多源污泥协同建材利用泥质与处理工艺参数、处理工艺和资源化工艺经济适配性分析,最终提出了多源污泥协同建材利用集成技术路线。     

旧沥青混合料热再生利用质量控制

该文从沥青混合料路面铣刨回收管理、工厂热再生沥青混合料设备配制及工厂热再生工艺等环节,探讨了再生沥青混合料质量控制关键点,并提出沥青混合料再生利用进一步推广的建议。     

辽宁省大型取用水户节水现状及对策

通过对辽宁省大型取用水户的调查,从取用水大户工业用水、自来水用水现状及节水潜力等方面进行分析,找出了辽宁省节水工作中存在的问题,提出了节约用水工作的若干对策和建议。     

满意优化在建立网络设计期模型中的应用

将多目标满意优化模型用于解决网络设计期优化问题.对同时优化链路容量与路由选择问题的CFA模型提出相应的满意优化模型.并分别为建造总费用与全网利用率这两个指标选择适合它们的满意度函数,最后得出设计优化问题的综合满意度函数.该方法在实际运用中显得更加灵活,也更有效率.     

码头泊位优化设计探讨

以港、船双方的经济利益为目标建立排队论模型,结合实例对码头泊位最优化设计方案进行探讨,综合泊位利用率以及服务水平,给出了降低港、船双方总成本的可行办法。     

浅议技术档案信息的利用、共享与转移

技术档案是人们利用已有技术的重要来源之一,它可以直接转化为生产力,继而产生经济效益。技术档案作为人类文明,理应为所有人共享,但为保证市场经济的有序发展,又必须对利用加以限制,对技术档案的转移在法律上也要加以规范。