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Transportation is a major cause for environmental degradation via exhaust emissions. For many transit-oriented metropolitan areas, bus trips often constitute a sizeable mode share. Managing the bus fleet, in particular updating buses to comply with the newer emissions standards, therefore, can have a substantial impact on transportation-induced air quality. This paper presents the approach of remaining life additional benefit–cost (RLABC) analysis for maximising the total net benefit by either early-retiring or retrofitting the current bus fleet within their lifespans. By referring to the net benefits for different bus types estimated by RLABC analysis, the most beneficial management scheme for the current bus fleet can be identified. Optimal bus fleet management (BFM) models based on the RLABC analysis for the operator and the government are developed. Then a government subsidy plan is produced to achieve win–win solutions, which will offer efficient and flexible management schemes. To illustrate the approach, the largest bus company in Hong Kong, which carries more than 23% of the total trips in Hong Kong, is taken as a case study example. Instead of adopting a fixed retirement plan, such as replacing buses at the age of 17 as is currently practised, the proposed method develops an optimal BFM scheme that progressively phases out buses or retrofits them. This study produces promising results to demonstrate the large benefit of this approach for optimal bus fleet management. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTIn this article, we propose a new model called subjective-utility travel time budget (SU-TTB) model to capture travelers' risk-averse route choices. In the travel time budget (TTB) and mean-excess travel time (METT) model, a predefined confidence level is needed to capture the risk-aversion in route choice. Due to the day-to-day route travel time variations, the exact confidence level is hard to be predicted. With the SU-TTB model, we assume travelers' confidence level belongs to an interval that they may comply with in the route choice. The two main components of SU-TTB are the utility function and the TTB model. We can show that the SU-TTB can be reduced to the TTB and METT model with proper utility function for the confidence levels. We can also prove its equivalence with our recently proposed nonlinear-expectation route travel time (NERTT) model in some cases and give some new interpretation on the NERTT with this equivalence. Finally, we formulate the SU-TTB model as a variational inequality (VI) problem to model the risk-averse user equilibrium (RAUE), termed as generalized RAUE (GRAUE). The GRAUE is solved via a heuristic gradient projection algorithm, and the model and solution algorithm are demonstrated with the Braess's traffic network and the Nguyen and Dupuis's traffic network. 相似文献
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侧推减阻降噪装置设计与应用探索 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
侧推减阻降噪装置是一种填补国内空白的特种船舶装置,此装置可针对性解决因侧推通道激发的局部紊流及气泡层影响船舶声学设备正常使用的难题,该文介绍了该装置产生的背景、预期功能、设计校核方案及船上安装使用方法,经实船验证,该装置满足母船声学设备使用要求。 相似文献
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非晶态合金是一种新型催化剂.重点介绍了非晶态合金用作催化剂材料在电催化反应、加氢反应和脱氢反应以及氨合成反应等中的应用及对非晶态合金用作催化剂材料的发展前景作了评述. 相似文献
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智能仪器中微型Linux的构建 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在新型智能仪器仪表中,功能强大但资源消耗较小的微型Linux有很好的应用价值.本文以主机/目标板为开发模式,介绍了裁减系统内核、构建根文件系统和设置引导装入器等过程.并根据仪器仪表的具体情况,在构建微型Linux过程中对需要注意的问题进行了详细的说明. 相似文献
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论述对直线电机轨道结构减振降噪的必要性,并就直线电机轨道交通振动与噪声的产生机理进行分析;在对加拿大及日本轨道结构的主要减振降噪措施进行分析的基础上,就我国在发展直线电机轨道交通时轨道结构减振降噪的主要研究思路进行初步探讨. 相似文献