强度折减法在平面滑动型岩质边坡的应用*

岩质边坡平面滑动验算包括岩体内部结构面验算和岩体抗剪强度验算.均质边坡岩体由于抗剪不足产生平面滑动,通过假定破坏面与内摩擦角之间关系迭代求解安全系数,探寻破裂角和内摩擦角之间的关系,进而提出简化估算安全系数公式.通过与数值解对比验算,可知简化公式精度能够满足工程设计要求,可为实际工程提供参考和借鉴.     

Operating cost based cruise speed reduction for ground delay programs: Effect of scope length

Ground delay programs typically involve the delaying of aircraft that are departing from origin airports within some set distance of a capacity constrained destination airport. Long haul flights are not delayed in this way. A trade-off exists when fixing the distance parameter: increasing the ‘scope’ distributes delay among more aircraft and may reduce airborne holding delay but could also result in unnecessary delay in the (frequently observed) case of early program cancellation. In order to overcome part of this drawback, a fuel based cruise speed reduction strategy aimed at realizing airborne delay, was suggested by the authors in previous publications. By flying slower, at a specific speed, aircraft that are airborne can recover part of their initially assigned delay without incurring extra fuel consumption if the ground delay program is canceled before planned. In this paper, the effect of the scope of the program is assessed when applying this strategy. A case study is presented by analyzing all the ground delay programs that took place at San Francisco, Newark Liberty and Chicago O’Hare International airports during one year. Results show that by the introduction of this technique it is possible to define larger scopes, partially reducing the amount of unrecovered delay.     

渗流作用下利用有限元强度折减法的边坡稳定性分析

应用ADINA程序分析了天然情况下边坡的稳定性,得到了安全系数和滑面的位置,并与ANSYS以及传统条分法GEO-SLOPE程序的计算结果进行了对比;在渗流作用下,基于渗流方程和温度方程的原理,把温度场所对应的温度荷载转化为孔隙水压力荷载施加在稳定性分析的计算模型上,对边坡进行了稳定性分析。结果表明,采用该方法计算得到的安全系数与采用传统极限平衡法计算得到的安全系数相比,两者之间的误差在3%以内,说明利用温度场进行渗流计算,再采用有限元强度折减法来进行边坡的稳定性分析是可行的。     

宜宾长江大桥斜拉桥的抗风性能分析

对宜宾长江大桥施工状态和成桥状态的动力特性进行了计算,分析了主梁的三分力系数取值,验算了桥梁的颤振稳定性和静力稳定性,结果表明,无论在施工阶段的最大双悬臂状态或最大单悬臂状态,还是在成桥状态,抗风稳定性均十分安全,不会发生静力扭转发散失稳。建议对斜拉索采取减振措施,可在设置内置橡胶圈阻尼器的基础上,再增设磁流变液阻尼器。     

Effects of economic disincentives on private car use

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of economic disincentives on private car use. Eighty two-adult households who were owners of at least one car were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group. Both experimental and control groups logged their car trips during one week before, one week during, and one week after treatment. The treatment consisted of charging two of the experimental groups approximately 100% of normal cost per kilometer of driving during 2 weeks, and charging the third experimental group this amount per kilometer of driving during 4 weeks. With the purpose of investigating whether deliberate planning increases the effect of economic disincentives, the households in one of the former and in the latter group were asked to fill out a prospective car log for the following week. The control group was not charged or requested to fill out a prospective car log but was in other respects treated in the same way. Analyses of the car logs and odometer readings during and at the end of treatment showed a weak reduction of car use due to the economic disincentives that however were almost completely dependent on planning.     

车用催化器流动阻力的试验与理论研究

在稳流试验台上利用U型管测量了不同结构催化器的压力损失 ,并进行了理论分析。研究表明 ,在小角度范围内 ,扩张角越大 ,压力损失也越大 ;但当锥角超过一定值之后 ,锥角越大 ,压力损失反而略有下降 ;在相同的扩张管长度下 ,斜扩张管催化器的压力损失大于直扩张管催化器的压力损失 ;载体位于催化器中部较顶部和底部压力损失大。     

车用催化器结构因素对流速分布的影响

车用催化器的速度分布特性对催化器和发动机的性能有很大影响。本文在气道稳流实验台上利用三孔结托管测量了不同结构催化器的速度分布，并进行了细胞致的对比分析。研究表明：张张角越大，流速分布越不均匀，但锥角超过一定值后，对流速分布的影响减弱；斜扩张管催化器的速度分布性相同长度直扩张管催化器；球形端面载体的速度分布均匀性要好于常平端面载体；载体安装位置扩张管越远，流速分布越均匀。     

BC131变速器阻尼降噪结构设计

本文说明了对BC131汽车变速器取力孔盖板做阻尼处理后,可降低噪声声功率级3.2dB,本文分三部分:(1) 阻尼结构的减振降噪机理;(2) 实验装置;(3) 声压级及声功率级的测量和计算。     

湿式离合器出油口甩出油温度预测方法

为了实现对湿式离合器出油口甩出油温度传感器的冗余校验和自我诊断，提出了一种基于粒计算约简的离合器出油口甩出油温度的模糊预测方法。首先分析出油口甩出油温度的影响因素，将主要影响因素作为预测输入量，并采用模糊推理理论预测当前离合器出油口甩出油温度。在设计模糊预测方法的过程中，通过分析实车数据得到车辆行驶时离合器处于高滑摩功率过程和低滑摩功率过程的不同特性，分别确定相对应的隶属度函数和模糊预测规则，从而进一步提高出油口甩出油温的预测精度。为了提高模糊预测算法的实时性，基于模糊预测规则创建模糊决策表，模糊输入量和模糊输出量分别作为决策表的条件属性集与决策属性集。利用粒计算理论对模糊决策表的条件属性集进行属性约简，通过削减冗余信息有效降低模糊输入量和模糊预测规则的个数。最后利用实车采集的数据对比分析约简前后模糊预测算法的单步运行时间和预测误差等性能指标。试验结果表明：基于粒计算约简的模糊预测算法能够有效保障预测精度，同时拥有更少的模糊预测规则数和模糊输入量，有效解决了模糊预测算法占用资源较多以及实用性较差的问题。     

隔振降噪技术的实船应用

某型测量船主辅机采用的单层局部隔振、浮筏双层隔振及约束阻尼处理等隔振降噪技术,基内就其设计论证、实船应用和检测结果作一简介。