车辆离散特性研究及仿真

针对目前有关分车道行驶的方案,对不同车辆行驶速度特征进行的研究,以及对不分车道行驶和分车道行驶两种情况下的车辆运行状况进行的有效仿真,可为当前公交优先通行提供较好的理论基础.     

怠速行驶缓踩制动整车抖动及发动机转速飙升问题分析

本文简要的介绍了某车型在怠速行驶缓踩制动下整车抖动及发动机转速飙升问题的分析验证过程,并对原因进行分析,提出改进建议.     

移相全桥ZVS控制的电动汽车DC/DC转换器设计研究

本文采用移相全桥控制策略,设计了一种应用于电动汽车的DC/DC变换器并能实现功率开关的零电压导通.本文对其进行了简要介绍移相全桥ZVS-DC变换器的拓扑结构.制造了一个原型进行了一系列的实验.最终的实验结果与仿真结果相一致,且满足要求设计要求,证明设计方案的可行性.     

城市轨道交通车辆基地室外综合管沟的应用研究

室外管线综合设计是城市轨道交通车辆基地设计的重点和难点,通常室外管线多以直埋的方式敷设于地下,但这种方式在设计、施工、运营维护阶段均存在着一些问题,因此提出了在室外设置综合管沟的方式,尽可能解决目前出现的问题.针对相关问题,提出了设置室外综合管沟的必要性和意义,从入沟管线种类分析、综合管沟管线布置原则、断面设计、特殊节...     

隧道坡度因素对柴油车烟雾排放量的影响

通过发动机台架模拟, 控制吸入气缸一定废气量而营造隧道污染环境, 进行柴油车在实际道路坡度运行时动态烟雾排放测试, 以及在实际隧道环境下, 柴油车坡度运行时动态烟雾排放测试, 获得在不同坡度环境下柴油车烟雾排放的道路实测数据。结果分析表明, 随着道路坡度的增加, 柴油车烟雾排放量急剧上升, 而在相同坡度下, 车速越高烟雾排放量越大, 且隧道内坡度每增加1 %, 柴油车烟雾排放量大约增加70 %~ 1 2 0 %。     

从工程科学走向工程技术——新时期交通与运载工程学科发展与展望

国家自然科学基金委员会积极推进基金改革,设立技术科学板块,面向国家重大需求和经济主战场,解决需求背后的核心技术科学问题,推动科研范式改革。交通与运载工程学科作为科学基金技术板块的重要组成部分,应当积极响应,及时调整学科资助政策。小学科,大行业,交通与运载工程学科研究呈现需求牵引、面向未来、技术集成、交叉融通的特点,需要进一步重视各交通体系交通诸要素的差异性和独特性,反对脱离行业、脱离应用对象,盲目梳理所谓的共性工程科学问题。推动基于RAMS(可靠性(Reliability)、可用性(Availability)、可维护性(Maintainability)和安全性(Safety))理论的工程科学与工程技术评价体系建设,关注各交通体系自身的特点及科学基础差异,强化其在重大、重点、人才等重要项目立项建议遴选、评审及成果后评估各环节中的应用,加快科学成果转化,支撑“交通强国”建设。     

A proposed vision and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication-based vehicle positioning approach

It is essential to obtain accurate location of vehicles for new applications of Intelligent Transportation Systems. To remedy the defects of present Global Positioning System and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V-I) positioning technology, a new positioning approach based on vision and V-I communication is proposed. This approach aims at lane-level positioning with lower cost than conventional ones. In this approach, the position of the vehicle is represented by its lateral position (the lane number) and longitudinal position (the distance from entrance of the road) in a course coordinate system along the road; the specific lane the vehicle is occupying (the lane number) can be judged using the information of lane lines detected by vision systems; then the distance to the vehicle is obtained by a Road Side Unit (RSU) during the V-I communication; and the longitudinal position is calculated. The error of the approach on typical operating conditions is analyzed, indicating that the new approach can achieve the accuracy of less than 0.31 m for straight road and 0.58 m for typical arc road with ultra-wideband communication and ranging technologies and rational arrangement of RSUs. The feasibility of this approach is presented.     

Plate scanning tools to obtain travel times in traffic networks

The management of vehicle travel times has been shown to be fundamental to traffic network analysis. To collect travel time measurement, some methods focus solely on isolated links or highway segments, and where two measurement points, at the beginning and at the end of a section, are deemed sufficient to evaluate users' travel time. However, in many cases, transport studies involve networks in which the problem is more complex. This article takes advantage of the plate scanning technique to propose an algorithm that minimizes the required number of registering devices and their location in order to identify vehicles candidates to compute the travel times of a given set of routes (or subroutes). The merits of the proposed method are explained using simple examples and are illustrated by its application to the real network of Ciudad Real.     

Magneto-rheological suspensions for improving ground vehicle’s ride comfort,stability, and handling

ABSTRACT

A state-of-the-art discussion on the applications of magneto-rheological (MR) suspensions for improving ride comfort, handling, and stability in ground vehicles is discussed for both road and rail applications. A historical perspective on the discovery and engineering development of MR fluids is presented, followed by some of the common methods for modelling their non-Newtonian behaviour. The common modes of the MR fluids are discussed, along with the application of the fluid in valve mode for ground vehicles’ dampers (or shock absorbers). The applications span across nearly all road vehicles, including automobiles, trains, semi-trucks, motorcycles, and even bicycles. For each type of vehicle, the results of some of the past studies is presented briefly, with reference to the originating study. It is discussed that Past experimental and modelling studies have indicated that MR suspensions provide clear advantages for ground vehicles that far surpasses the performance of passive suspension. For rail vehicles, the primary advantage is in terms of increasing the speed at which the onset of hunting occurs, whereas for road vehicles – mainly automobiles – the performance improvements are in terms of a better balance between vehicle ride, handling, and stability. To further elaborate on this point, a single-suspension model is used to develop an index-based approach for studying the compromise that is offered by vehicle suspensions, using the H₂ optimisation approach. Evaluating three indices based on the sprung-mass acceleration, suspension rattlespace, and tyre deflection, it is clearly demonstrated that MR suspensions significantly improve road vehicle’s ride comfort, stability, and handling in comparison with passive suspensions. For rail vehicles, the simulation results indicate that using MR suspensions with an on-off switching control can increase the speed at which the on-set of hunting occurs by as much as 50% to more than 300%.     

State estimation in roll dynamics for commercial vehicles

Accurate lateral load transfer estimation plays an important role in improving the performance of the active rollover prevention system equipped in commercial vehicles. This estimation depends on the accurate prediction of roll angles for both the sprung and the unsprung subsystems. This paper proposes a novel computational method for roll-angle estimation in commercial vehicles employing sensors which are already used in a vehicle dynamic control system without additional expensive measurement units. The estimation strategy integrates two blocks. The first block contains a sliding-mode observer which is responsible for calculating the lateral tyre forces, while in the second block, the Kalman filter estimates the roll angles of the sprung mass and those of axles in the truck. The validation is conducted through MATLAB/TruckSim co-simulation. Based on the comparison between the estimated results and the simulation results from TruckSim, it can be concluded that the proposed estimation method has a promising tracking performance with low computational cost and high convergence speed. This approach enables a low-cost solution for the rollover prevention in commercial vehicles.