移动式线路动态加载试验车的研制

通过分析国内外移动式线路动态加载试验车(装置)技术水平和现状,提出我国研制移动式线路动态加载试验车的目的和意义。介绍我国移动式线路动态加载试验车的主要功能和技术参数,并与国外同类设备进行比较,提出先进性、实用性、经济性研制原则。     

分布式光纤传感技术在岩溶段桩基检测中的应用研究

分布式光纤传感技术近年来广泛应用于土木工程领域,该技术具有分布式测量、耐久性好、施工方便等优点。本文将此技术应用于岩溶区灌注桩检测,研究岩溶区灌注桩荷载传递规律和桩身附近溶洞存在位置,通过钢筋应力计测量结果验证了光纤传感技术在岩溶区灌注桩检测中应用的可行性。结果表明,该技术可实现岩溶区灌注桩完整性的分布式检测功能,并能判断桩身周围溶洞存在位置区间。相对于钢筋应力计、应变片等传统的检测方法,分布式光纤传感技术具有更高的检测精度和更广的测量范围。     

动荷载作用下钢结构涂装的累积损伤机理与量化模型

为研究动荷载作用下公路钢桥涂装层与基体间的协同变形和破坏机制,开发了钢结构涂装层试件的动荷载试验系统,研究了疲劳荷载作用下涂层的破坏模式、附着力、弹性厚度、应变等随循环加载次数的发展规律。结合涂层破坏模式和发展规律,构建了涂层疲劳累积损伤度的计算模型,提出了基于损伤度的涂层破坏分级方法,并结合试验结果进行了验证。结果表明:疲劳荷载将引起涂层的附着力下降、弹性厚度降低和应变松弛,进而导致涂层出现附着破坏、内聚破坏及其组合。涂层附着损伤度是涂层损伤的主要因素,且随加载次数持续增大,当加载次数较大时内聚损伤贡献突出。试验涂装体系在22万次应力循环后附着损伤度最大为0.34,内聚损伤度最大为0.27,总损伤度达0.61,属于严重损伤。提出的损伤度模型及破坏分级方法与试验规律吻合良好,可应用于公路钢桥涂装层受动荷载作用下的寿命预测。     

Low-cycle fatigue assessment of offshore mooring chains under service loading

The integrity of mooring chains is essential to the safety of a range of offshore platforms. However, mooring line failures are occurring earlier than their design lives, with a high number of these failures occurring due to fatigue. Early in the fatigue life of the component fatigue initiation processes occur, where the fatigue hotspot is sensitive to the mean load and there is plastic strain accumulation from the multiaxial stress-strain responses of the material, leading to cyclic plastic damage accumulation. The traditional SN approach suggested by mooring standards does not consider these effects, and it is proposed that this lack of consideration under low-cycle fatigue conditions is the reason for the current non-conservative fatigue assessments of mooring chains. This paper aims to develop a fatigue approach based on a critical plane multiaxial fatigue criterion for mooring chains that can consider the damage-induced by the cyclic plasticity and the mean load effect, to investigate the importance of incorporating low-cycle fatigue into the mooring chain life prediction. To develop the critical plane approach, the multiaxial stress-strain states are extracted for the critical plane at the fatigue hotspot from a finite element model of a mooring chain. This is then correlated with a fatigue life prediction provided by conventional fatigue design data. It uses a simulation of an FPSO as a case study to demonstrate the importance of low cycle fatigue, which shows that the mean load effect is significant in reducing the fatigue life for mooring chain applications, while the effect of fatigue damage-induced cyclic plasticity is limited. The fatigue damage accumulation predicted by the critical plane approach is significantly higher than that of the traditional SN approach and should be accounted for in mooring line design.     

气垫船导管组合结构设计初探

随着气垫船向大型化发展,作为气垫船结构设计重要组成部分的导管组合结构设计越来越受到重视。文中结合国内已有的典型大中小型导管组合结构的设计参数,从导管组合结构的材料、结构型式以及传力方式等方面进行分析,总结其设计特点,并结合相关规范要求,对导管组合结构设计载荷进行分析。     

重载交通对公路路面使用寿命的影响

目前,车辆超载超限运输现象相当普遍,对公路的破坏相当严重,主要表现为大大降低了道路的服务水平、缩短了道路的使用寿命。从标准轴载的当量作用次数入手,通过对公路车辆超载问题的研究,可知超载是引起路面使用寿命缩短的主要原因。     

Simplified analysis for estimation of the behavior of a submerged floating tunnel in waves and experimental verification

To achieve rational design in waves for a submerged floating tunnel which has emerged as a new offshore transportation infrastructure, it's necessary to understand its hydrodynamic behavior. For simple but accurate estimation of hydrodynamic forces, a theoretical method is proposed and the tests with physical models in a wave flume were carried out for verification. Morison's equation was used to estimate wave loads composed of inertia force and drag force. Forces calculated by applying the linear wave theory to Morison's equation coincided well with those measured by the tests. The test results showed that mooring systems played a significant role in the movement of the submerged floating tunnel in waves. A pendulum model could be used to describe the motion of the submerged floating tunnel with a single vertical mooring. Based on the verified relations, a simple slack condition which causes the submerged floating tunnel to be unstable was also proposed. The simplified approach proposed by this study proved to be useful in designing the submerged floating tunnel in the initial stage.     

基于Creator/OSG的数字校园虚拟现实系统

本文以南通航运职业技术学院为对象,利用三维建模软件Creator和实景驱动引擎OSG,开发了一个"数字校园"虚拟现实系统,对系统中涉及的模型构建和优化、纹理映射、视景漫游、人机交互控制、碰撞检测等技术进行了探讨。     

基于脑电波分析技术的安全驾驶实验研究

为了研究饮酒对驾驶过程中脑电波的影响,在由急弯、紧急停车港、障碍区和直线路段组成的虚拟场景中,利用脑电仪实时采集汽车驾驶员的脑电信号,建立脑电波分析指标体系,进行快速傅立叶变换后,计算δ波、θ波、α波、中间快波、β波以及γ波的平均功率,进而计算各频段波功率占总频段波功率的比例,比较组合指标(α+θ)/β在饮酒前后的差异,并运用成对t检验分析各项指标.结果表明,饮酒对θ、α和γ脑电波有显著影响,t检验结果小于0.01;对其余脑电波没有显著影响,t检验结果大于0.05.在3个显著变化的指标中,仅γ脑电波饮酒前、后的差值随着酒精浓度的下降逐渐减小,酒精浓度小于40.5 mg/100 ml后,差值为1.12%.     

Optimization of bus allocation to depots by minimizing dead kilometers

In metropolitan cities, public transportation service plays a vital role in mobility of people, and it has to introduce new routes more frequently due to the fast development of the city in terms of population growth and city size. Whenever there is introduction of new route or increase in frequency of buses, the non‐revenue kilometers covered by the buses increases as depot and route starting/ending points are at different places. This non‐revenue kilometers or dead kilometers depends on the distance between depot and route starting point/ending point. The dead kilometers not only results in revenue loss but also results in an increase in the operating cost because of the extra kilometers covered by buses. Reduction of dead kilometers is necessary for the economic growth of the public transportation system. Therefore, in this study, the attention is focused on minimizing dead kilometers by optimizing allocation of buses to depots depending upon the shortest distance between depot and route starting/ending points. We consider also depot capacity and time period of operation during allocation of buses to ensure parking safety and proper maintenance of buses. Mathematical model is developed considering the aforementioned parameters, which is a mixed integer program, and applied to Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) routes operating presently in order to obtain optimal bus allocation to depots. Database for dead kilometers of depots in BMTC for all the schedules are generated using the Form‐4 (trip sheet) of each schedule to analyze depot‐wise and division‐wise dead kilometers. This study also suggests alternative locations where depots can be located to reduce dead kilometers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.