Optimization of terminal airspace operation with environmental considerations

The rapid growth in air traffic has resulted in increased emission and noise levels in terminal areas, which brings negative environmental impact to surrounding areas. This study aims to optimize terminal area operations by taking into account environmental constraints pertaining to emission and noise. A multi-objective terminal area resource allocation problem is formulated by employing the arrival fix allocation (AFA) problem, while minimizing aircraft holding time, emission, and noise. The NSGA-II algorithm is employed to find the optimal assignment of terminal fixes with given demand input and environmental considerations, by incorporating the continuous descent approach (CDA). A case study of the Shanghai terminal area yields the following results: (1) Compared with existing arrival fix locations and the first-come-first-serve (FCFS) strategy, the AFA reduces emissions by 19.6%, and the areas impacted by noise by 16.4%. AFA and CDA combined reduce the emissions by 28% and noise by 38.1%; (2) Flight delays caused by the imbalance of demand and supply can be reduced by 72% (AFA) and 81% (AFA and CDA) respectively, compared with the FCFS strategy. The study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed optimization framework to reduce the environmental impact in terminal areas while improving the operational efficiency, as well as its potential to underpin sustainable air traffic management.     

基于MATLAB的舰船辐射噪声信号小波消噪处理

针对舰船辐射噪声信号的特点提出了小波消噪的方法,对小波消噪理论作了简要的阐述,并设计了一种消噪方案,最后利用MATLAB,在计算机上选用不同的小波基和阈值进行了实船信号的消噪处理试验,并对结果进行了简单的分析比较。试验结果表明,在选择了合适的小波基和阈值的情况下,利用小波变换的方法对舰船辐射噪声进行消噪处理可以取得良好的效果。     

扣件胶垫黏弹性对铁路箱梁振动与结构噪声的影响

以高速铁路WJ-7B型扣件胶垫为研究对象,通过动态力学性能试验测试了扣件胶垫在不同温度下的动力性能;结合温频等效原理、Williams-Landel-Ferry方程和高阶分数导数FVMP模型表征了扣件胶垫的黏弹性力学特性;将该模型代入建立的桥梁振动与结构噪声预测有限元-边界元模型,并与Kelvin-Vogit模型对比来分析扣件胶垫黏弹性对箱梁振动和结构噪声的影响。研究结果表明：扣件胶垫黏弹性表现为动参数的温频变特性,刚度与频率正相关,与温度负相关,阻尼与频率和温度均负相关,阻尼在1~100 Hz内变化明显,在100 Hz以上变化较小;扣件动参数测试值与高阶分数导数FVMP模型拟合值吻合良好,采用高阶分数导数FVMP模型可以准确描述扣件在宽温宽频下的动态黏弹性力学行为;仅考虑扣件胶垫频变特性时,桥梁在25~63 Hz振动加剧,在80~200 Hz振动减弱,在峰值频率63 Hz处顶板、腹板和底板的加速度振级分别增大5.62、0.91和2.94 dB,桥梁横桥向各板垂向近场点和梁底下方靠近地面处声辐射明显增大;同时考虑扣件胶垫温变与频变特性时,随着温度的降低,桥梁在31.5~50.0 Hz振动不断减小,在63~200 Hz振动不断增大,桥梁横桥向在顶板斜上方、腹板和底板垂向近场点和梁底下方靠近地面处声辐射减小,温度从20 ℃降到-20 ℃时,总体声压级最大降低了2 dB左右;忽略扣件胶垫黏弹性会导致桥梁振动和结构噪声预测产生偏差,仿真分析时应考虑扣件胶垫的黏弹性,以提高预测的准确性。     

激光扫描盾构隧道断面变形快速检测

针对人工检测效率低、变形检测车定位不准、噪点剔除困难、数据处理滞后等技术难题,基于盾构隧道管片环缝灰度图像数学形态特征,通过图像滑窗方式,利用直方图均衡化、缩放、阈值判定等方法快速自动识别环缝,并依据环缝已知位置反向修正隧道里程; 基于距离最小二乘法椭圆曲线拟合,建立了盾构隧道激光扫描噪点三次迭代自动剔除方法; 通过对管片环上各单环激光扫描数据拟合椭圆进行均值处理,并与隧道设计参数或上次检测结果比对,确定了隧道断面变形; 以轨检小车为载体,集成断面三维激光扫描仪、倾角仪、编码器、测距轮和计算机等设备,研制了盾构隧道断面变形快速检测车,开发了配套的数据采集和处理软件,并进行了工程试验和实际应用。研究结果表明：检测时速为5 km·h^-1时,检测车系统隧道内水平和垂直方向直径复测差值绝对值小于2 mm的占比分别为98.41%和96.21%,小于1 mm的占比分别为82.36%和71.92%,系统复测精度为2 mm,多数可达到1 mm,说明环缝识别、噪点剔除、整环收敛变形算法和检测系统具有较高的稳定性和重现性; 检测车可自动采集和处理数据,检测作业后24 h可输出检测分析报告,结果准确可靠,可为盾构隧道结构健康评定和养护提供参考。     

北京市夕照寺西里铁路声屏障研究

主要研究了北京市夕照寺西里铁路声屏障的声学设计和材料选择 ,重点探讨了声屏障高度和长度的确定 ,同时对实际的声学效果作了跟踪。     

The effects of information bias and riding frequency on noise annoyance to a new railway extension in Hong Kong

We investigate how two non-acoustic factors, information bias and riding frequency, can affect the annoyance response of an urban population to noise created by a new railway line. The study shows that information bias is asymmetrical. Respondents receiving only information on positive measures taken by the authority to reduce noise emission are more tolerant of the noise impact, but those receiving only critical views tend to be more annoyed because they feel that not all measures to reduce noise have been employed. Additionally people who use the line frequently are more tolerant to the noise impact than those who do not. Information bias seems to have a temporary masking effect over riding frequency lasting for a few weeks after railway opening. This suggest that whilst free flow of information provided by the authority can help alleviate annoyance response, encouraging the people affected to make use of the new infrastructure may be useful to reduce public resistance and noise annoyance.     

海上平台中央空调系统噪声分析和降噪方案研究

文章通过惠州21—1B平台中央空调系统测试和改进实践，对该系统的噪声进行了分析，并提出了相应的降噪方案。     

中欧加等国对汽车噪声的限值要求及试验方法比较

对中、欧、加等国就汽车噪声的限值要求及试验方法作比较,并实测验证两种试验方法的差别。     

车体下部噪声的吸声降噪对策

降低高速列车产生的噪声,必须降低车体下部噪声。本文对用吸声板降低车体下部噪声的措施作了介绍,对吸声材料的性能进行了评价,对贴附在实际列车上的吸声板的最佳面积进行了阐述。     

一种基于小波去噪的脉冲噪声抑制方法

小波去噪是近年来兴起的信号处理领域中的高新技术,而目前许多研究方法都是以高斯噪声为背景的.在小波阈值去噪的基础上,将伪随机m序列引入小波去噪方法中,可有效去高斯噪声中掺杂的脉冲噪声.