翼/板结合部涡旋流动结构与壁面脉动压力的大涡模拟研究

壁面脉动压力是湍流非定常特性的重要表征,而且是重要的流体动力声源,所以对于脉动压力的研究已经成为流声耦合研究领域的重要课题。文章采用大涡模拟方法结合动态Smagorinsky亚格子涡模型,数值计算了两型翼/板结合部在不同流速下的湍流脉动压力,并展示了结合部马蹄涡流动结构。通过将计算结果与试验结果进行对比分析可知,数值计算方法能准确地预报湍流脉动压力,从而为理解翼/板结合部非定常流动的物理机理奠定了基础。     

二甲醚闪急沸腾喷雾的实验研究(英文)

The high-speed digital imaging technique is applied to observe the developing process of flash boiling spray of dimethyl ether at low ambient pressure, and the effects of nozzle opening pressure and nozzle hole diameter on the spray shape, spray tip penetration and spray angle during the injection are investigated. The experimental results show that the time when the vortex ring structure of flash boiling spray forms and its developing process are determined by the combined action of the bubble growth and breakup in the spray and the air drag on the leading end of spray; with the enhancement of nozzle opening pressure, the spray tip penetration increases and the spray angle decreases. The influence of nozzle hole diameter on the spray tip penetration is relatively complicated, the spray tip penetration is longer with a smaller nozzle hole diameter at the early stage of injection, while the situation is just opposite at the later stage of injection. This paper establishes that the variation of spray angle is consistent with that of nozzle hole diameter.     

上海长江大桥主通航孔桥抗风稳定性能研究

上海崇明越江通道长江大桥工程主通航孔桥为一座主跨730 m的双塔双索面分离式钢箱梁斜拉桥,桥面上除公路交通外还有轨道交通,无论结构形式还是气动外形都比较新颖和复杂.通过节段模型试验、大尺度涡振试验、气弹模型试验和拉索人工降雨试验等各种现代风洞试验方法,从静风稳定性、颤振稳定性、涡激共振性能和拉索风雨激振性能等方面检验主通航孔桥斜拉桥结构的抗风稳定性能.     

Flow Past an Accumulator Unit of an Underwater Energy Storage System:Three Touching Balloons in a Floral Configuration

An LES simulation of flow over an accumulator unit of an underwater compressed air energy storage facility was conducted. The accumulator unit consists of three touching underwater balloons arranged in a floral configuration. The structure of the flow was examined via three dimensional iso surfaces of the Q criterion. Vortical cores were observed on the leeward surface of the balloons. The swirling tube flows generated by these vortical cores were depicted through three dimensional path lines. The flow dynamics were visualized via time series snapshots of two dimensional vorticity contours perpendicular to the flow direction; revealing the turbulent swinging motions of the aforementioned shedding-swirling tube flows. The time history of the hydrodynamic loading was presented in terms of lift and drag coefficients. Drag coefficient of each individual balloon in the floral configuration was smaller than that of a single balloon. It was found that the total drag coefficient of the floral unit of three touching balloons, i.e. summation of the drag coefficients of the balloons, is not too much larger than that of a single balloon whereas it provides three times the storage capacity. In addition to its practical significance in designing appropriate foundation and supports, the instantaneous hydrodynamic loading was used to determine the frequency of the turbulent swirling-swinging motions of the shedding vortex tubes; the Strouhal number was found to be larger than that of a single sphere at the same Reynolds number.     

适应供电频率变化的接触器设计与验证

为适应地铁供电系统的频率变化,满足不同频率电流的分断要求,开展了接触器的设计与验证.首先分析了电源频率升高对接触器性能的影响,对接触器进行结构方案设计,基于Maxwell有限元仿真分析,计算得到接触器高频分断触发机构的力值、位移、速度随时间变化的曲线,同时对接触器电磁线圈吸力进行了有限元仿真分析,验证了接触器结构设计的...     

一种河道紊流三维数值模拟离散格式的应用探讨

通过引用气体动力学中的Osher格式计算控制体交界面通量,建立了一种基于有限体积法的河道紊流三维数学模型。该格式是对准确的非线性黎曼问题的近似解法,具有很好的守恒性、逆风性、单调性和高分辨率捕捉间断的能力,解决了河床变化剧烈处水流计算易发散的难题,在紊流模型的选取上,考虑到紊动能量和紊动尺度在水平方向和垂直方向上的差异,平面上采用大涡模型,垂向上采用k-ε模型。通过桥墩和丁坝局部水流实测资料校核模型模拟局部复杂水流结构的能力,模型计算得到的马蹄涡、回流结构及流速分布与实测基本一致。     

圆弧型丁坝产生的卡门涡与坝后冲刷的关系*

通过水槽试验,结合理论分析,探讨了圆弧型丁坝产生卡门涡的机理及坝后冲刷的原因,并进一步分析了卡门涡与坝后冲刷的关系。在卡门涡中心形成的低压区将泥沙吸入其中心,是坝下冲刷的主要原因之一。卡门涡边缘的线速度和来流速度的合成速度与坝后泥沙起动速度的关系,决定了坝后冲刷区和淤积区的分布。     

Prediction of tip vortex cavitation inception using coupled spherical and nonspherical bubble models and Navier–Stokes computations

A spherical and a nonspherical bubble dynamics models were developed to study cavitation inception, scaling, and dynamics in a vortex flow. The spherical model is a modified Rayleigh–Plesset model to account for bubble slip velocity and for nonuniform pressures around the bubble. The nonspherical model is embedded in an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes code with appropriate free-surface boundary conditions and a moving chimera grid scheme around the bubble. The effect of nonspherical deformation and bubble/flow interaction on bubble dynamics is illustrated by comparing spherical and nonspherical models. It is shown that nonspherical deformations and bubble/flow interactions are important for an accurate prediction of cavitation inception. The surface-averaged pressure-modified Rayleigh–Plesset scheme is a significant improvement over the conventional spherical model, and is able to capture the volume changes of a bubble during its capture. It is also a fast scheme for studying scaling. In a preliminary study, the scaling effects on cavitation inception were examined using two different Reynolds numbers owing to two different chord lengths. The nuclei-size effect on the prediction of cavitation inception was also studied, and its important effects are highlighted.     

MSS62.5移动模架造桥机风洞试验及抗风分析

针对目前国内外对移动模架造桥机的抗风性能研究较少这一现状，基于珠江黄埔大桥MSS62．5移动模架造桥机在实际工作中3种最不利状态进行的风洞试验研究，得出其在均匀流场中的涡振、颤振均未发生．给出其抖振振幅随风速改变的变化规律。为移动模架造桥机施工过程中抗风安全性提供了理论保障．可为其他大型移动模架造桥机抗风特性提供参考。     

涡产生器强化圆管管片式换热器传热数值分析

涡产生器式管片式换热器有着不同于传统管片式换热器的强化传热机理,其结构简单,强化传热效果明显.用数值方法分析了涡产生器式圆管管片式换热板芯单个圆管翅片区域内的传热与阻力性能.计算结构根据某实际换热器结构放大确定,计算时选取Re范围为100～30 000.分析了平直翅片与涡产生器翅片传热单元局部及平均传热特性.单根圆管翅片单元有两个低换热区,涡产生器可增强圆管尾部的换热.两种换热板芯的传热能力均虽Re的增加而提高,在中等Re范围内,涡产生器可使传热有较大提高,而阻力增加较小.