中国首批大型LNG船振动问题及解决方案研究

阐述我国首批大型液化天然气（Liquefied Natural Gas,LNG）船（1.47×105 m3）艉部局部振动问题产生的原因及解决方案。通过在船体机舱线型区域加装涡流发生器等附加装置,改善流经螺旋桨的流场并降低螺旋桨激振力,从而大幅度改善艉部的局部振动。对于新造船的振动问题,选择正确的研究方案是成功解决问题的第一步,但受时间、成本等客观条件的限制,在研究技术方案时可供选择的手段往往不多,采用水下摄像观测、传感器信息采集和计算流体力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD）模拟分析等技术手段可大幅提高方案制订的效率和准确性。通过剖析LNG船安装、优化涡流发生器解决振动问题的案例,为相关问题及其解决方案的研究提供可借鉴的方法和经验。     

涡产生器强化圆管管片式换热器传热数值分析

涡产生器式管片式换热器有着不同于传统管片式换热器的强化传热机理,其结构简单,强化传热效果明显.用数值方法分析了涡产生器式圆管管片式换热板芯单个圆管翅片区域内的传热与阻力性能.计算结构根据某实际换热器结构放大确定,计算时选取Re范围为100～30 000.分析了平直翅片与涡产生器翅片传热单元局部及平均传热特性.单根圆管翅片单元有两个低换热区,涡产生器可增强圆管尾部的换热.两种换热板芯的传热能力均虽Re的增加而提高,在中等Re范围内,涡产生器可使传热有较大提高,而阻力增加较小.     

弹性支撑低质量比圆柱涡激振动数值模拟

近年来,随着深海石油工业的发展,立管的涡激振动现象越来越受学者们关注.使用RANS方程求解器,并结合SST κ-ω湍流模型,对横向和流向自然频率比为1的低质量比弹性支撑圆柱体的两自由度运动进行了数值模拟,计算雷诺数范围为5 300至32 000.采用四阶Runge-Kutta方法求解柱体的振动方程.并结合近期物理实验结果对升力系数、阻力系数、位移和尾涡模式进行了详细比较和讨论.较好地再现了试验观察到的锁定、迟滞、差拍等现象.     

斜拉索涡激振动的被动自吸吹气流动控制

圆形斜拉索长细比大、阻尼及刚度小，因而其经常发生风致振动，尤其是涡激振动。涡激振动是一种限幅振动，其发生风速较低，因而斜拉索经常发生涡激振动现象，为此提出一种被动自吸吹气流动控制措施来抑制斜拉索涡激振动。通过节段模型气弹试验得到，被动吸吹气控制方法在套环间距适当下使得斜拉索涡激振动区间变窄，甚至可以完全抑制其发生涡激振动。通过分析斜拉索节段模型表面压力分布，得到被动自吸吹气能大幅度降低压力脉动值和脉动风荷载；且模型背风面的平均压力值的平台区也有所提升，表明平均阻力也有所减小。频谱分析表明：此控制方法改变了旋涡脱落模式及脱落强度。最后由尾流速度剖面可得，被动吸吹气流动控制方法缩小了模型尾流区宽度，尾流中的速度脉动也极大降低。折算风速为5.99时，对尾流速度时程做频谱分析可得，吸吹气控制方法能抑制住无控圆柱模型尾流中周期性交替脱落的旋涡。套环控制方法应用于三维柔性索性索模型上，能极大地降低柔性斜拉索的前三阶涡激振动幅值，同时发现套环间距越小，控制效果越强。     

水中悬浮隧道研究进展

介绍了各国关于水中悬浮隧道的研究进展,主要包括:波浪和水流作用下水中悬浮隧道与流体相互作用的理论分析模型,波浪环境下水中悬浮隧道的锚固系统的涡激振动数值分析,地震激励下水中悬浮隧道的动力响应分析,水中悬浮隧道的结构问题,针对实际工程背景的波浪环境载荷下的模型试验及水流环境中水中悬浮隧道阻力系数、惯性力系数的试验研究。最后讨论了水中悬浮隧道尚需要进一步研究的问题:荷载的确定,结构分析和设计方法,针对性的模型试验,安全性研究等。     

张力腿平台涡激运动特性的试验研究

文章基于物理模型试验,对张力腿平台的涡激运动问题进行了探讨,研究了横向和顺流向涡激运动频率及响应特性。试验结果表明:在锁定区,涡激运动频率与平台在海流中的位置有关。当结构沿流向对称时,顺流向振荡频率是横向振荡频率的两倍;当结构沿流向不对称时,顺流向振荡频率与横向振荡频率相同。试验结果还表明,流向角是影响平台运动轨迹的关键因素,当流向角为0°和45°时,平台运动轨迹呈不规则"8"字形;15°和30°时,运动轨迹为"香蕉形"。     

Investigation on the vortex structure of propeller wake influenced by loading on the blade

The vortex structure of the wake behind a marine propeller was investigated in terms of loading variation by using particle image velocimetry. One hundred and fifty instantaneous velocity fields were ensemble averaged to study the spatial evolution of the wake and the behavior of the tip vortices in the region ranging from the trailing edge to one propeller diameter downstream. The trailing vorticity was found to be related to the radial velocity jump, and the viscous wake was affected by the boundary layers developed on the blade surfaces. A vortex identification method using the swirling strength was employed to extract the location of the tip vortex. The loading on the blade made a clear difference to the contraction angles. Slipstream contraction occurred in the very near wake region, and unstable oscillation occurred because of reduced interaction between the tip vortex and the wake sheet behind the maximum contraction point for each loading condition. The maximum tangential velocity around the tip vortex center revealed the average radius of its core, which was used for calculating the vortex strength. Additionally, variation of the average radius of tip vortices with the change of blade loading was related to vortex tube stretching in the wake region. The nearly constant vortex strength continued up to one diameter downstream for light loading and design loading conditions.     

大跨径钢管混凝土拱矫施工方法的风洞试验研究

钢管混凝土拱桥桥型美观、技术相对成熟，然而该类桥梁构件种类较多，施工复杂。为加快施工进度，增加快件的起吊重量不失为有效方法，但大块件吊装会带来稳定、塔架的安全等问题，其中塔架的抗风安全尤为重要。以南昌生米大桥主拱吊装为背景，研究了塔架及裸拱施工期间的抗风安全，并进行了风洞试验，得出了相关结论。     

Locomotion by mechanical pectoral fins

The objectives of this study were the development of a new device for maneuvering an underwater vehicle using the mechanism of a fish swimming, an experimental and theoretical analysis of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the device, and its application to maneuvering a fish robot. Observations and experimental analysis of the pectoral fins of a black bass (Micropterus salmoides) revealed that the locomotion of the fish, such as swimming forward at low speed, swimming backward, and turning in a horizontal plane is generated by using a combination of a feathering motion and a lead-lag motion of the pectoral fins. A mechanical pectoral fin making a feathering motion and a lead-lag motion generates a thrust force in a range of phase differences between both motions. The unsteady vortex lattice method, including the effect of viscosity, can express fairly well the unsteady forces acting on the mechanical pectoral fin in the range of phase differences where it exerts the thrust force. The fish robot, consisting of a model fish body and a pair of mechanical pectoral fins, can not only swim forward and turn in almost the same position, but can also swim in a lateral direction without changing the yaw angle. Translation of an article that appeared in the Journal of The Society of Naval Architects of Japan, vol. 182 (1997): The original article won the SNAJ prize, which is awarded annually to the best papers selected from the SNAJ Journal, JMST, or other quality journals in the field of naval architecture and ocean engineering.     

带前置定子的导管桨片空泡数值预报及梢涡空泡起始判别研究

对水下航行体后带前置定子的导管桨片空泡和梢涡空泡起始进行研究。首先,采用基于混合网格的RANS求解器结合Singal空泡模型,数值模拟带前置定子导管桨片空泡形态,并与试验结果进行对比,预报的片空泡形态与试验结果吻合良好,表明用该方法预报水下航行体后带前置定子导管桨片空泡可行;其次,对水下航行体后带前置定子的导管桨多个方案全湿流动进行了数值模拟,通过梢部端面的最小压力值判断空泡起始,与试验结果进行比对,其吻合良好,表明可用该方法判别梢涡空泡起始。