Finite-difference simulation of green water impact on fixed and moving bodies

A numerical method was developed to predict the water impact pressure caused by green water phenomena. The density function method was employed in the framework of a locally refined overlapping grid system. The simple problem of a rectangular body placed in regular waves was considered and the simulation results were compared with tank experiments. Good agreement with experiment was shown for wave–body interactions and for the pressure values at three different positions on the body. The case of a rectangular body with a vertical wall on the deck was also considered and the comparison showed satisfactory agreement. It was demonstrated that this method could be extended to a moving body problem, in which the body was free to undergo heave, pitch, and surge motions.     

浅谈纯水制造设备的保固

纯水制造设备的连续优质供水对工厂的正常生产有着非常大的影响。本文首先简单介绍纯水制造设备的流程,然后对设备产生故障的原因进行分析。     

Estimation of value of travel time reliability

In mode choice decision, travelers consider not only travel time but also reliability of its modes. In this paper, reliability was expressed in terms of standard deviation and maximum delay that were measured based on triangular distribution. In order to estimate value of time and value of reliability, the Multinomial and Nested Logit models were used. The analysis results revealed that reliability is an important factor affecting mode choice decisions. Elasticity is used to estimate the impacts of the different policies and system improvements for water transportation mode. Among these policies, decision maker can assess and select the best alternative by doing the benefit and cost analysis based on a new market share, the value of time, and the value of reliability. Finally, a set of promising policies and system improvement of the water transportation were proposed.     

On the fresh balance of the Adriatic Sea

The long-term mean fresh water balance of the Adriatic Sea is studied by ananalysing evaporation, precipitation and river runoff. Evaporation is computed from May latent heat flux and by means of bulk formula. In the latter case two wind speed data sets are used, namely those from the NMC and May. The sea surface temperature is taken from a historical Adriatic data set, and the air temperature and relative humidity come from the NMC data set. Two precipitation data sets are considered, namely the Legates and Willmott climatology and a data set consisting of data measured at 62 rain-gauge stations located on the Adriatic coasts. Runoff contribution to the fresh water balance is estimated from the long-term average flow rates of 39 rivers and the horizontal distribution of salinity in the upper mixed layer.The spatial distribution of the fresh water balance, as well as of its components, is analysed by means of monthly objective maps, from which averages and standard deviations are computed. The results obtained from the different computations are not always univocal, particularly in the evaluation of Summer evaporation, and are affected by relatively large statistical errors. Significant spatial and seasonal variability occurs, with a noticeable fresh water gain along the coastline of the northern and middle basins, while small areas of fresh water loss are found in the middle and southern basins. Nevertheless, on an annual basis, the difference between the fresh water losses by evaporation and the gains by precipitation and runoff is clearly negative, indicating that, unlike the whole Mediterranean, the Adriatic Sea is generally a dilution basin.     

野三关隧道DK 124+602突水相关水文地质分析

研究目的:野三关隧道出口突发性大涌水,造成灾害。研究与分析施工资料、既有水文地质资料及现场观测资料,探究其原因,总结其规律,有效地确定其设计、施工整治方案,规避施工风险。研究结论:志留系碎屑岩组成的山地分水岭与栖霞组、茅口组灰岩组成的山地斜坡之间的地貌交界处和岩性界面处是汇水富集的地方;P1q+m富水地层中发育3#暗河,存在3个不同类型的充水层,它们都与3#暗河有不同程度的联系,隧道突水将暗河导入隧道;改道后的暗河继承、保留了原3#暗河的管道流特征、径流流量动态变化特征、降雨-流量关系特征等;暗河改道将对环境产生一定影响、大流量水流突出的泥石和随带的泥沙对施工和营运养护将造成困难。     

列车集便污水好氧处理工艺试验研究

以某动车段化粪池实际出水为原水样本,采用SBR工艺重点对COD、氨氮的去除效率进行了研究,确定了列车集便污水活性污泥法好氧处理曝气时间、DO值、进水主要污染物指标浓度范围等参数。试验表明SBR工艺对列车集便污水化粪池出水中的COD仅有50%的去除效果,曝气时间超过8 h对COD去除效果的提高作用不大;集便污水NH3-N浓度在1 500 mg/L以上时,停留时间为24 h,曝气时间达到12 h,去除率可以达到70%左右;NH3-N浓度为500 mg/L时,曝气8 h,可达到80%的去除效果;SBR反应器对TP的去除率在10%～40%之间。当进水为吹脱稀释原水,COD浓度在1 000～1 500 mg/L,保持DO值在2～3 mg/L,反应周期8 h,能够达到SBR反应器的最佳运行工况,COD去除率可达80%。     

反渗透技术在高硬度高含盐量地下水中的应用研究

针对某地高含盐量高硬度地下水的特点,选择BW30-4040复合膜,采用二级反渗透工艺系统对其进行处理,以期达到内燃机车冷却水标准.试验考察了操作压力对产水量、脱盐率、回收率的影响,并根据溶解—扩散理论模型对实验结果进行了分析.通过运行试验,分析研究了与膜性能密切相关的主要参数的变化,并对膜的结垢倾向进行了分析.该系统的成功运行对广大西北铁路地区内燃机车冷却水的处理具有一定的借鉴作用.     

PAL系列油漆絮凝剂在水性漆废漆处理中的应用

水性漆在废漆处理过程中存在漆渣分散、含水量高、回收率低、水体泡沫大等弊病。因此,在药剂本身及现场管理方面,对水性漆废漆处理的要求比溶剂型的高。针对水性漆上述缺陷,开发了PAL系列水性漆油漆絮凝剂。主要介绍了PAL油漆絮凝剂的分类、作用机理、使用和管理方法等内容。     

海底隧道安全监测问题的几点思考

安全监测是海底隧道施工的重要保障措施之一。由于海底隧道具有与陆地隧道不同的环境特点,因此,也就带来了海底隧道安全监测的复杂性与高风险。为了切实解决海底隧道的安全监测问题,结合陆地隧道安全监测经验和海底隧道的环境特点,提出了海底隧道安全监测的基本原则和技术方法,包括海水渗透超前探测、岩层岩性超前探测、围压监测、隧道形变监测、隧道空间位置导向与定位监测等,为海底隧道安全监测方法设计提供了有益的基础依据。