Estimation of value of travel time reliability

In mode choice decision, travelers consider not only travel time but also reliability of its modes. In this paper, reliability was expressed in terms of standard deviation and maximum delay that were measured based on triangular distribution. In order to estimate value of time and value of reliability, the Multinomial and Nested Logit models were used. The analysis results revealed that reliability is an important factor affecting mode choice decisions. Elasticity is used to estimate the impacts of the different policies and system improvements for water transportation mode. Among these policies, decision maker can assess and select the best alternative by doing the benefit and cost analysis based on a new market share, the value of time, and the value of reliability. Finally, a set of promising policies and system improvement of the water transportation were proposed.     

船舶操纵仿真中图谱数值化方法的研究

在船舶操纵仿真中涉及大量的图谱转换工作,传统的图谱处理方法在精度和工作量上存在着一对矛盾。本文试图通过应用正弦小波拟合方法来替代传统折线方法,并在某些图谱上得到验证,可望在类似图谱数值化上得到推广和应用,以提高计算精度和减少计算工作量。     

喷水推进泵空化预测原理和方法的研究

文章在介绍喷水推进在国内外的最新应用后,着重分析喷水推进系统在舰船上的应用所带来的新特点,即极易进入空化区。根据舰船动力装置机舱自动化的设计规范中的有关监测报警系统的设计要求,文章提出了喷水推进泵空化预测原理和方法研究的必要性。     

地铁盾构机掘进对周围环境影响的现场测试研究

研究目的:盾构机在城市地铁建设中得到了广泛的应用,但在盾构掘进过程中会引起地层损失,过大的地层损失,可导致较大的地面沉降,对地面建筑物、地下管线等设施产生不利影响甚至会导致破坏,引起较大的经济损失。为此,本文以南京地铁一号线为依托,对盾构掘进过程中引起的建筑物、地下管线位移以及引起的地下水位进行了现场测试,经过分析、总结,得到了盾构掘进对周围环境影响的规律性结论。在此基础上,从地层沉降与土仓压力、同步注浆量和出喳量的关系,探讨了地层沉降的控制措施。研究方法:对盾构掘进过程中所影响得到地下管线位移、建筑沉降、地下水位变化等进行现场实测,获取了有关现场测试数据,并对这些数据进行分析,得到可以供施工参考的有价值的结论。研究结论:调整、修正、合理匹配盾构掘进参数,建立有效土压平衡,确保同步注浆效果,是控制地层损失,减小地层变位的有效手段,是减少盾构掘进对周围环境影响的重要措施。     

On the fresh balance of the Adriatic Sea

The long-term mean fresh water balance of the Adriatic Sea is studied by ananalysing evaporation, precipitation and river runoff. Evaporation is computed from May latent heat flux and by means of bulk formula. In the latter case two wind speed data sets are used, namely those from the NMC and May. The sea surface temperature is taken from a historical Adriatic data set, and the air temperature and relative humidity come from the NMC data set. Two precipitation data sets are considered, namely the Legates and Willmott climatology and a data set consisting of data measured at 62 rain-gauge stations located on the Adriatic coasts. Runoff contribution to the fresh water balance is estimated from the long-term average flow rates of 39 rivers and the horizontal distribution of salinity in the upper mixed layer.The spatial distribution of the fresh water balance, as well as of its components, is analysed by means of monthly objective maps, from which averages and standard deviations are computed. The results obtained from the different computations are not always univocal, particularly in the evaluation of Summer evaporation, and are affected by relatively large statistical errors. Significant spatial and seasonal variability occurs, with a noticeable fresh water gain along the coastline of the northern and middle basins, while small areas of fresh water loss are found in the middle and southern basins. Nevertheless, on an annual basis, the difference between the fresh water losses by evaporation and the gains by precipitation and runoff is clearly negative, indicating that, unlike the whole Mediterranean, the Adriatic Sea is generally a dilution basin.     

铁路大型客站节水评价方法初探

在文献资料和现场调研的基础上,通过分析客站用水量影响因素,建立了单因素评价指标体系和评价方法;分析确定了各因素的权重,进行了无量纲化处理后,建立了多因素综合评价指标体系和评价方法,利用该方法对两个车站的节水效果进行了评价。     

广昆铁路三棵树隧道光面爆破施工技术

成昆线广通至昆明段扩能改造工程三棵树隧道工程地质条件复杂,在岩石隧道掘进中普通爆破技术已不能满足施工要求,采用了光面爆破技术控制隧道开挖成型质量.介绍三棵树隧道采用光面爆破技术方案、特点、工艺流程、施工方法及安全保障措施.三棵树隧道采用光面爆破明显缩短了作业时间,在每一个施工循环中清理危石或补炮缩短20 min,初期支护缩短20 min,装渣及出渣缩短20 min;减少超挖量15%,节省了火工品和因非光面爆破所造成的围岩破碎所需锚杆、钢筋网等初期支护的工程量,施工效果良好、经济效益明显.     

盾构在小半径曲线下穿越建筑物的施工技术

随着盾构法施工在城市地铁隧道中的应用,使得在盾构法施工中面临到的环境也越来越复杂.以上海市12号线东兰路站～虹梅路站区间隧道为工程实例,介绍了一些在盾构施工中面临小半径曲线下穿越建筑物的施工技术,对在施工过程中遇到的难点、重点进行了分析,提出了一些解决方法,对以后类似工程有一定的借鉴作用.     

组合单壁钢围堰在水中桥梁施工中的应用

钢围堰作为桥梁水下施工的临时性挡水设施,为承台施工提供无水的干处施工环境,被广泛应用于水中桥梁下部结构施工中。通过抚河大桥施工实践,探讨深水中桥梁承台钢围堰施工技术,主要介绍了组合单壁钢围堰的设计、施工以及注意事项,可为类似的工程提供参考。     

小间距叠交盾构隧道施工技术

小间距叠交盾构隧道施工主要面临后建隧道对先建隧道结构的影响和因地表沉降叠加引发沉降过大两大问题。文章结合工程特点,采用了同步注浆和二次注浆相结合,从新增管片注浆孔内注浆加固,先建隧道内增加纵向连接槽钢或米字型钢支撑和信息化监测等施工控制技术措施。从施工效果来看,这些技术措施有效地控制了管片的变形和地表沉降,达到预期效果。