On the dense water spreading off the Ross Sea shelf (Southern Ocean)

In this study, current meter and hydrological data obtained during the X Italian Expedition in the Ross Sea (CLIMA Project) are analyzed. Our data show a nice agreement with previous data referring to the water masses present in this area and their dynamics. Here, they are used to further analyze the mixing and deepening processes of Deep Ice Shelf Water (DISW) over the northern shelf break of the Ross Sea. In more detail, our work is focused on the elementary mechanisms that are the most efficient in removing dense water from the shelf: either classical mixing effects or density currents that interact with some topographic irregularity in order to drop to deeper levels, or also the variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) which, in its meandering, can push the dense water off the shelf, thus interrupting its geostrophic flow. We also discuss in detail the (partial) evidence of dramatic interactions of the dense water with bottom particulate, of geological or biological origin, thus generating impulsive or quasi-steady density-turbidity currents. This complex interaction allows one to consider bottom particular and dense water as a unique self-interacting system. In synthesis, this is a first tentative analysis of the effect of bottom particulate on the dense water dynamics in the Ross Sea.     

浅谈城市轨道交通小号码道岔设计

小号码道岔在城市轨道交通领域占据主力市场 ,在城市轨道交通领域发挥着不可估量的作用。小号码道岔设计应结合城市轨道交通的特点 ,合理地选择未被平衡的离心加速度和线型 ,合理地计算其轨距加宽及解决自身的构造加宽问题。小号码道岔跟端应当向弹性可弯方向发展。小号码对称道岔需要重新认识并重视起来。     

水网地区航道网技术评价指标与方法研究

在对过去区域航道网技术评价体系进行初步探讨的基础上,结合多个市域航道网规划实践,基于对区域航道网规划特点及技术评价特性分析,借鉴公路的成熟做法,提出区域航道网技术评价指标体系及方法,并以苏州、无锡、常州市航道作为水网地区实例,进行江苏省水网地区规划航道网技术评价与分析比较,进而提出各技术评价指标建议值。     

江苏水运发展态势研究

江苏省拥有丰富的水运资源。外向型经济的发展对水运提出了更高的要求。运用层次分析法,对江苏交通产业结构作了系统的分析和比较,建立江苏交通产业结构评价指标体系,借鉴国际先进经验,分析江苏水运的优势和劣势、面临的机会和威胁,确定江苏水运发展战略。     

分类确定河港码头施工水位的探讨

论述了港口水工建筑物施工水位的概念及其影响因素,指出了合理地确定港口码头施工水位的重要性,总结了我国设计人员在各类江河设计河港码头确定施工水位的经验,提出了施工水位的分类选择范围,并列举了工程实例,可供设计人员参考。     

浅水中船舶水动力特性数值计算

本文对浅水中船舶水动力特性进行数值计算研究.采用RANS方程结合RNG K-ε两方程湍流模型,对一方形系数0.6的系列60船模在浅水中的阻力、升沉、纵倾和兴波进行数值计算,其中自由面采用VOF方法处理;计算中,水深Froude数范围0.6～1.8,包含了临界和超临界水深Froude数.数值计算得到的阻力、升沉和纵倾与模型试验结果及采用三维扩展Boussinesq方程的计算结果进行了比较分析,吻合较好,部分计算结果得到改进.     

水资源开发Conflict问题调整的META-game解析法

多元化的资源开发间Conflict问题的协调与消除始终是关系开发计划能否实施的重要课题,作为META—game理论的Conflict问题的数理解析方法是Conflict解析法.本文将以多目的水资源开发所涉及Conflict问题为研究对象,利用META-game理论的Conflict数理解析方法对问题进行安定分析,寻求问题的答案,即均衡解.最终提出Conflict问题消除的、能被矛盾各方接受的比较方案,供决策部门选择.     

清水冲刷推移质输沙率变化规律

分析恒定清水冲刷水槽试验资料发现,推移质输沙率变化可分为两个阶段,即时均稳定阶段和衰减阶段。通过机理分析,建立了该两个阶段的计算公式,计算结果与试验资料吻合良好。该式可用来估算任一河段及任一时刻推移质输沙量及冲刷剖面。     

超型深水沉井施工技术

超型深水沉井是当代大型水电、水运、桥梁深基础工程的主要结构型式。文中对该项技术所属工序的各种施工工艺做了综合性的评述,并对重点工序的关键工艺提出了推荐性建议。     

An approach to estimation of near-surface turbulence and CO2 transfer velocity from remote sensing data

The air–sea CO₂ exchange is primarily determined by the boundary-layer processes in the near-surface layer of the ocean since it is a water-side limited gas. As a consequence, the interfacial component of the CO₂ transfer velocity can be linked to parameters of turbulence in the near-surface layer of the ocean. The development of remote sensing techniques provides a possibility to quantify the dissipation of the turbulent kinetic energy in the near-surface layer of the ocean and the air–sea CO₂ transfer velocity on a global scale. In this work, the dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy in the near-surface layer of the ocean and its patchiness has been linked to the air–sea CO₂ transfer velocity with a boundary-layer type model. Field observations of upper ocean turbulence, laboratory studies, and the direct CO₂ flux measurements are used to validate the model. The model is then forced with the TOPEX POSEIDON wind speed and significant wave height to demonstrate its applicability for estimating the distribution of the near-surface turbulence dissipation rate and gas transfer velocity for an extended (decadal) time period. A future version of this remote sensing algorithm will incorporate directional wind/wave data being available from QUIKSCAT, a now-cast wave model, and satellite heat fluxes. The inclusion of microwave imagery from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) will provide additional information on the fractional whitecap coverage and sea surface turbulence patchiness.