地埋式一体化污水处理系统在高速公路服务区的应用

针对高速公路污水量和水质的特点,设计采用地埋式一体化污水处理系统。通过实际应用和跟踪监测,该系统的应用可实现高速公路服务区污水的达标排放。     

不同冷却方式对大尺寸钢板感应加热成形的影响

为有效解决船用中厚钢板复杂曲面加工问题,研究空气冷却(空冷)、正面水冷和反面水冷方式对大尺寸钢板弯曲成形的影响因素。首先采用COMSOL Multiphysics仿真平台模拟电磁感应加热和冷却变形多物理场同步耦合过程,然后分析各种因素对大尺寸钢板弯曲成形的影响,最后通过试验验证有限元模型的可靠性,并对感应加热弯曲成形效果进行评估。结果表明:相对于水冷,空气冷却对钢板Y向位移改变效果显著;相对于空气冷却,水冷对钢板角位移的改变影响明显;当频率为50 k Hz时,电流频率对表面温度和角位移影响显著;当钢板长宽比不小于1∶2时,Y向位移的增加比较显著;当长宽比约为1∶1时,角位移的改变比较明显。     

船舶机舱含油污水用膨胀石墨/活性炭复合吸附剂试制

以蔗糖为碳源,以磷酸为活化剂,在浸渍比(磷酸质量/蔗糖质量)2.5、活化温度550℃下制备活性炭,在膨化温度900℃和膨化时间25s下制备膨胀石墨,复合膨胀石墨/活性炭吸附剂,并测试膨胀石墨密度0.02g/cm3～0.05g/cm3、乳化油流率0.07mL/s～0.6mL/s、吸附柱高度10mm～30mm时的吸油效果。结果表明:在吸附柱高度20mm、乳化油流率小于0.4mL/s时,0.1‰的乳化油经膨胀石墨成型密度为0.03g/cm3的复合吸附剂过滤后的含油量可低于0.005‰;膨胀石墨成型密度0.03g/cm3、乳化油流率0.4mL/s时,吸附柱高度20mm的处理污水含油量小于0.015‰的总处理量为10.35L,即单位体积吸附剂的乳化油处理量为0.3255L/cm3。因此,应根据船舶机舱油水分离器的技术要求,优化复合吸附剂含油污水处理流程。     

自流冷却系统引水装置水力性能研究

为提出先进船舶自流冷却系统引水装置的定量设计原则,参照水泵性能描述方法,提出自流扬程的概念,用自流扬程和附加阻力描述引水装置水力性能。基于伯努利方程和边界层方程的计算分析表明,为提高自流扬程,引水装置吸入口应垂直于来流且高于边界层厚度。基于冲量定理进行计算分析并结合三维仿真计算结果表明,为平衡自流能力和附加阻力,引水装置的入口流速与航速之比宜设计在一定区间内。实船计算结果验证了本文设计方法的正确性。     

疏浚饱和密实粉土剪胀特性及其对耙齿切削阻力的影响

针对黄骅港区饱和密实粉土,通过三轴剪切试验以及原型耙齿切削试验,研究饱和密实粉土剪胀特性及其对耙齿切削阻力的影响。三轴试验结果表明,黄骅地区饱和密实粉土在剪切过程中表现为应变软化性状,偏应力峰值与围压之间基本呈线性关系。在剪切过程中,土体先剪缩后剪胀,随着围压的增大,剪缩性状体现得越来越明显,应力应变性状可划分为4个不同阶段。原型耙齿切削试验结果表明,饱和土较非饱和土切削阻力增长得更快;饱和土切削阻力最大值为非饱和土切削阻力最大值的2.7~3.3倍;对于饱和土,切削阻力达到稳定值后,其波动幅度较非饱和土要大。上述试验结果均表明,土的剪胀性对于耙齿切削阻力的影响十分显著,须采取相应的措施来降低土的剪胀性对于耙齿切削阻力的影响。     

饱和地基下桩柱结构地震响应

通过建立两相饱和地基下桩-土耦合系统的动力分析有限元数值模型,对饱和自由场地基以及桩柱结构在地震作用下的动力响应进行数值模拟研究。结果表明:在地震作用下超孔隙水压沿深度方向呈现出指数衰减趋势,在地表处更易导致地基液化从而散失承载能力。随着超孔隙水压的上升土体强度降低后,饱和地基土层对地震波的高频成分有明显的选择性滤波作用。在桩柱结构地震响应分析中,受桩土间动力耦合作用的影响,桩侧土体比远场地基土更易液化。随着地基承载力的降低,导致桩柱动力以及弯矩响应上升。研究结果与已有桩基础震害经验相符,其方法和结论可对饱和可液化地基抗震工程提供参考。     

妈祖经贸园外围海堤施工监测与安全性分析

新建海堤工程区域内存在淤泥质土,含水量高,承载力低。为保证施工过程中地基和结构的安全稳定,设置表层沉降、深层水平位移、分层沉降、孔隙水压力等观测项目对围堤施工进行监测,合理控制施工进度,防止地基出现剪切破坏。结果表明：施工前期沉降大,监控参数指标处于可控范围内;后期沉降速率变缓,地基固结度提高,堤体压缩变形趋于稳定,施工期间围堤是稳定安全的。     

水上抛石施工工艺在潮间带区域的应用

以通州湾腰沙围垦一期通道工程B标抛石组织实施为例,通过开展规划临时航线、设置临时倒驳点、制定倒驳与抛设方案等一系列探索和研究,形成了针对浅海潮间带区域安全有效地组织水上抛石施工的专项技术方案,并描述了施工中应关注和优化的事项。     

Mechanism of Tunnel Water Inflow Caused by Bending Failure of a Waterproof Dike Based on a Circular Thin Plate Mechanical Model北大核心CSCD

Water bursts during tunnel construction endanger construction, and it is therefore necessary to reserve a waterproof dike with the required thickness to avoid water bursts and to take reinforcement of the dike and treatment of the structure liable to trigger a water burst. Using the water burst at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel of the Shanghai-Chengdu expressway as an example, and considering the type of tunnel section and the upright mudstone of the dike, the waterproof dike at the work face is simplified as a round thin plate. A formula for the calculation of a minimum safety thickness for the critical waterproof dike is deduced by analyzing the force applied on the water-proof dike, and the minimum safety thickness for the water burst section at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel is cal-culated. The numerical simulation analysis demonstrates the critical thickness of waterproof dike at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel is 1.4-1.55 m, and the calculated water inflow and water burst basically agree with the actual condition. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Model Test on Grouting Law in Dynamic Water-Rich Sand Layers by the Electric Resistance Method北大核心CSCD

In order to study the diffusion law of grouting slurry in the water-rich sand layer under flowing water conditions, a grouting test model consisting of a main test system, a grouting system, and a measurement system was developed. And for detecting the diffusion scope of the grouts, a new resistivity method was proposed. It is found that the relationship between grouting pressure and grouting rate during the test is strong. Under hydrodynamic conditions, the grouting slurry diffuses elliptically. Due to gravity and the effect of the upper water flow, the center of gravity of the ellipsoid is below the grouting outlet, and the grouting effectively improves the physical and mechanical properties of water-rich sand bodies. At the same time, the resistivity method has a good application effect on the detection of grouting diffusion range. The range of slurry diffusion obtained by the resistivity method is basically consistent with the boundary of the stone body after excavation, indicating that the resistivity method is reliable for detection of grouting range in dynamic water-rich sand layer. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.