Older People's Mobility: Segments,Factors, Trends

Abstract

The expanding older population is increasingly diverse with regard to, for example, age, income, location, and health. Within transport research, this diversity has recently been addressed in studies that segment the older population into homogeneous groups based on combinations of various demographic, health-related, or transport-related factors. This paper reviews these studies and compares the segments of older people that different studies have identified. First, as a result of a systematic comparison, we identified four generic segments: (1) an active car-oriented segment; (2) a car-dependent segment, restricted in mobility; (3) a mobile multi-modal segment; (4) and a segment depending on public transport and other services. Second, we examined the single factors used in the reviewed segmentation studies, with focus on whether there is evidence in the literature for the factors’ effect on older people's travel behaviour. Based on this, we proposed a theoretical model on how the different determinants work together to form the four mobility patterns related to the identified segments. Finally, based on current trends and expectations, we assessed which segments are likely to increase or decrease in future generations of older people and what should be done to support the multi-optional and independent mobility of older people.     

简易车辆类型识别系统设计

从实时视频数据流中检测出运动车辆并对其进行车辆类型识别是智能交通系统的重要组成部分。本文提出一种从AVI视频文件中检测出运动车辆并识别其车辆类型的方案,其系统处理过程分为车辆图像获取、图像处理和车辆外观特征数据提取三个主要部分。经实验验证,该设计简单可行。     

Application of Deep Learning Method on Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation

Although deep learning methods have been widely applied in medical image lesion segmentation,it is still challenging to apply them for segmenting ischemic stroke lesions,which are different from brain tumors in lesion characteristics,segmentation difficulty,algorithm maturity,and segmentation accuracy.Three main stages are used to describe the manifestations of stroke.For acute ischemic stroke,the size of the lesions is similar to that of brain tumors,and the current deep learning methods have been able to achieve a high segmentation accuracy.For sub-acute and chronic ischemic stroke,the segmentation results of mainstream deep learning algorithms are still unsatisfactory as lesions in these stages are small and diffuse.By using three scientific search engines including CNKI,Web of Science and Google Scholar,this paper aims to comprehensively understand the state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms applied to segmenting ischemic stroke lesions.For the first time,this paper discusses the current situation,challenges,and development directions of deep learning algorithms applied to ischemic stroke lesion segmentation in different stages.In the future,a system that can directly identify different stroke stages and automatically select the suitable network architecture for the stroke lesion segmentation needs to be proposed.     

基于改进的 NCSPSO -AFSA 对 SVM参数的优化及其应用

为了找到支持向量机（SVM）最佳的分类参数,用以构建适合纹理图像分割的SVM分类器,文中是将基于小生境和交叉选择算子的粒子群算法（ NCSPSO）引入变异算子和族外竞争机制加以改进后与人工鱼群算法（ AFSA）混合,提出了一种改进的NCSPSO-AFSA混合算法优化支持向量机参数,并分别与AFSA算法,粒子群算法（PSO）,NCSPSO算法在图像分割准确率、参数寻优时间、图像分割时间等方面进行对比和分析,实验表明文中算法能够更好地获得适用于纹理图像分割的SVM参数,在缩短图像分割时间的同时提高了图像分割准确率,相比较其他算法,文中算法稳健性更好。将此方法应用于电镜及超声纹理图像分割中能较好地提取出目标区域,图像边缘部分的分类也很清晰。     

ACCURATE SPEECH SEGMENTATION VIA the IMPROVED SHORT-TIME FRACTAL DIMENSION

Thefractalmodeliseffectiveondescribingthenonlinearphenomenainspeechsignalsduetothefactthatthedynamicsofspeechproductionmaycre atesomedegreeofchaos[1 ] .Ithasbeenprovedthatwithinanutterance,thenoise likeconsonantshavehigherfractaldimensionsthanthemoreregularvowels.Thus,speechsignalscanbesegmentedac cordingtothechangesinthefractaldimensiontra jectories[2 ] .Windowsizeandslidingwindowstepareveryimportanttocalculatethefractaldimensiontrajecto ry .Ifthewindowsizeistoolarge ,therelativelyweakerfract…     

ENERGY CALCULUSIN CHINESE LANGUAGE SEGMENTATION

IntroductionIn the past twenty years,many Chinese lan-guage processing systems have been developed.Excellent researchers[1～ 3] have led Chinese lan-guage processing into a new era.However,seg-mentation ambiguity problem has not beensolved satisfyingly.The current techniques to eliminate segmenta-tion ambiguity can be classified into two cate-gories:rule- based techniques( strong technique)and statistic- based techniques( soft technique) .Hybrid techniques belong to both.In rule- based techn…     

中国当代社会的传播控制分析

随着中国当代社会传播分化的加剧，传播失衡问题随之凸现。对于传播分化与传播失衡，必须通过有效的传播控制途径，以建立完备的社会媒介发展生态，才有利于传播的良性发展。但对于这些问题，传播学理论研究尚未深入，而政府管理部门则过分依赖市场调节手段。市场调节手段是否是传播控制行之有效的途径，目前尚未有明确的答案。本文则立足于中国当代社会的传播分化、传播失衡问题的研究，着重就传播控制的基本内涵、传播控制的主要内容、途径等问题进行理论探讨和描述。     

加速业务创新转型实现企业持续发展

在电信业发展的新的阶段,传统的电信业务无法满足现代社会消费需求,创新转型业务成为企业利润的源泉,只有加速业务创新转型,使产品创造更大价值,才能保证固网运营企业的可持续发展。     

Recognising customers' patterns of bus service patronage using a loyalty framework

With the aim of identifying typical characteristics of travellers, traditional segmentation approaches were based on socio-demographic variables. However, the approaches could not reveal the factors motivating individual behaviour. This result led to an emerging interest in psychological research models that are adhered to the decision-making process. Among various related theories, the concept of loyalty was attractive because the major purpose of establishing a loyalty concept is to recognise a customer's pattern towards a given service. However, there were few efforts aimed at determining market segments based on a loyalty framework. In addition, there was no consensus achieved on theoretical loyalty typology due to different empirical findings in different market contexts. This study aims to be the first loyalty-based attempt to provide an operational method of segmenting bus service market. Seeking practical implementation, another focus of this study is to determine typical characteristics of the market segments. Analyses that included cluster techniques were conducted on questionnaire data collected from 333 respondents in Hidaka city, Japan. A cross-classification between relative attitude and service patronage was successfully established, dividing the market into four segments. Segments of loyalty and no-loyalty were observed to be dominant over the remaining market. In contrast, the spurious loyalty segment was small and insignificant. An expansion of the latent loyalty segment was also observed when moving from the intention phase to the actual behaviour phase. Notably, not only demographic factors but also social awareness variables including environmental concern and elderly support were observed to be significant in distinguishing customer segments from one another.     

长江中游航道流速区划分及影响因素研究

为满足长江电子航道图系统功能需要,使长江电子航道图流速相关信息的显示更加符合实际航段的情况,基于声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)的测流数据,提出了基于船舶航行需求的主、缓流流速区划分方法。同时利用该方法,研究影响流速区划分的因素,对研究河段进行科学分段。