基于轮胎磨损的悬架与转向系统硬点优化

基于轮胎磨损理论,定量分析前轮定位参数和阿克曼误差对轮胎磨损的影响.在Adams/Car模块中建立前悬架与转向系模型,运用Insight模块进行灵敏度分析,选择合适硬点坐标拟合前轮定位参数和阿克曼误差的响应面函数.建立相关约束函数和目标函数,并运用Matlab软件进行硬点坐标优化.结果表明,车轮外倾角变化减少27.65％,前束角变化曲线变得更为合理,且阿克曼误差均方根值减少14.7％,有效减少了轮胎磨损.     

时速300km高速列车铜基粒子强化闸片的研究

通过粉末冶金工艺,制备了铜基粒子强化材料,材料由金属基体铜、铁、铝、锡和多种高硬度陶瓷粒子以及石墨、二硫化钼构成。利用定速摩擦试验机在摩擦压力为0.45~0.9 MPa、模拟列车速度为50~300km.h-1的实验条件下,对制备的材料进行了摩擦性能测试。结果表明:该材料在定速摩擦条件下的摩擦系数大都处于或高于国际铁路联盟(UIC)标准的上限。在1∶1制动动力试验台上,对用该材料制造的高速列车制动闸片进行最高时速达300 km的工况测试。结果表明:该制动闸片的摩擦系数完全处于UIC标准的控制范围内,磨损率为0.37 cm3.MJ-1,并且产生的噪音低,振动小,导热性好,适合在时速300 km的高速列车上使用。     

减振轨道形式对地铁曲线上钢轨磨耗影响的仿真

针对地铁线路普遍存在的钢轨磨耗现象,运用Simpack数值模拟虚拟样机技术和有限元软件Abaqus,建立地铁车辆轨道耦合动力学模型,针对车辆行驶于4种减振轨道曲线线路时,对轮轨磨耗、减振器扣件地段加密措施、梯形轨枕枕下刚度和参振质量调整措施进行了仿真模拟计算分析．结果表明：对于抑制钢轨波磨,板下减振和枕下减振方式在小曲线半径曲线地段使用效果要优于既有刚度和间距条件下的减振器扣件和Vanguard扣件;对于抑制钢轨侧磨,板下减振和枕下减振方式的效果也相对较好;减振器扣件间距加密措施、梯形轨枕枕下刚度及参振质量的增加,对减磨有一定作用．     

陶瓷颗粒含量对 Cr-Al 2O3活塞环抗黏着性能的影响

通过贫油试验的方法对陶瓷颗粒含量分别为0,1．01％,1．68％,2．82％,3．45％,4．38％的 Cr‐Al2 O3活塞环的抗黏着性能进行评价,并探讨了 Cr‐Al2 O3活塞环镀层中陶瓷颗粒含量对活塞环抗黏着性能的作用机制。试验结果表明：含有陶瓷颗粒的 Cr‐Al2 O3环的抗黏着性能优于不含陶瓷颗粒的 Cr‐Al2 O3环,且其抗黏着性能与陶瓷颗粒含量相关。当陶瓷颗粒含量为2．82％时,抗黏着性能最好,陶瓷颗粒含量在0～2．82％时,Cr‐Al2 O3环抗黏着性能随陶瓷颗粒含量的增多而提高,陶瓷颗粒含量大于2．82％时,Cr‐Al2 O3环抗黏着性能随陶瓷颗粒含量的增多而降低。     

离合器从动片磨损报警装置的制作与应用

通常,驾驶员根据离合器踏板自由行程的高低来判断离合器从动片的磨损程度。但是,如果驾驶员经验不足,易造成离合器从动片磨损严重而导致摩擦片上的铆钉裸漏,造成飞轮和压盘工作面不可修复的损伤,出现飞轮和压盘同时报废的情况。为避免此类情况的发生,制作离合器从动片磨损报警装置。此装置具有结构简单、成本低、实用性强的特点,具有很好的推广价值。     

Wear rate estimation of train wheels using dynamic simulations and field measurements

Wheel–rail wear is one of the important problems in the railway industry, especially from the point of safety, maintenance, and replacement cost. To investigate this phenomenon, it is necessary to simulate the wheel–rail interaction. The simulation results and in particular the wear number is not tangible enough to explain the wear condition of the system. For one set of simulation performed on two different railway systems one could obtain the same wear numbers, of say 100, while having two completely different wear rates. In order to have a better understanding of the wear condition, it is proposed to convert the wear numbers to wear rates. In doing so by measuring the wear rate, one determines the rate at which the wheel flange thickness is reduced. In this research, a new approach has been proposed to determine the wheel wear rate through multi-body dynamic analysis and simulation and the field measurements carried out on the fleet of one of Tehran's subway lines. This procedure could also be expanded to determine a wear criterion for specific lines and their fleets. Having this wear criterion would provide a better understanding of the simulation results either prior to the construction of railway lines or for the presently used ones. In other words, designers can simulate a railway line, not being constructed yet, and with a good approximation determine the critical points along the line with high wear rates, and make necessary modifications to decrease the wear.     

Rail vehicle wheel wear prediction: a comparison between analytical and experimental approaches

There are a number of theoretical and practical techniques to compute rail vehicle wheel wear. For instance, the Archard equation is a well-known tool to determine the worn volume in sliding contact, as a function of normal load, sliding distance and the surface hardness. Of course, the wear coefficient (called K) used in this equation to differentiate the wear models implicitly comprises the conditions that govern the contact surface. Two situations can be taken into account when considering a sliding contact in a rail vehicle wheels, particularly along a curved track: (i) when the radial force prevails the lateral tangential force, which is mainly the frictional force but before flanging and (ii) during flange contact. Also, the Archard equation is employed within the tread and flange regions separately, both the regions being of interest in this paper. A number of approaches are then used to find the distance slid. The authors compare the field test results and the outcome of the analytical approaches. When the wheel wear results acquired from the two test bogies on Iranian Railways, all technical (rigid frame bogies with new assemblies and components) and operational items were identical, except for changing the bogie orientation in the second test trial for a short period. Good agreement was found between the analytical and practical investigations.     

基于相对隶属度的发动机磨损模糊模式识别

针对模糊数学需人为确定隶属函数的缺陷,利用以相对隶属度为基础的模糊理论对发动机磨损模式进行了识别,得到了较为客观的识别结果,证明了该方法对发动机磨损模式识别的有效性。同时,Matlab的仿真结果还证明了利用最优模糊聚类中心矩阵可以消除冗余信息、简化模式特征值的提取,使模式识别的准确率提高。     

Tangential force variation due to the bogie direction reversal procedure

A range of tangential forces is generated within the contact patch when a wheelset moves on the rail. These forces are intensified when incorporating curved tracks and motored axle rail vehicles [Arrus, P., de Pater, A.D. and Meyers, P., 2002, The stationary motion of a one-axle vehicle along a circular curve with real rail and wheel profiles. Vehicle System Dynamics, 37(1), 29-58]. The wheelset is subject to flange contact if an unbalanced force remains in a curve towards the high rail gauge face. The resultant force in the transverse direction includes the lateral force, the radial force, and the creep forces in addition to the effect of the frequent wheelset displacement due to the kinematic oscillation [Iwnicki, S., 2003, Simulation of wheel-rail contact forces. Fatigue Fracture Engineering Material Structure, 26, 887-900]. This article has focused on a potential variation in some of the forces cited when the wheelset is subject to backward and forward movements. A severe wear rate observed within the wheel flange region in Iranian Railways was investigated by operating a test bogie on a curvaceous track. An obvious improvement in the wear rate and wear pattern of the wheels was attained when the second test bogie encountered a bogie direction reversal procedure. This enhancement is considered in this article from the force analysis standpoint.     

The effect of worn profile on wear progress of rail vehicle steel wheels over curved tracks

Dynamic performance, safety and maintenance costs of railway vehicles strongly depend on wheelset dynamics and particularly on the design of wheelset profile. This paper considers the effect of worn wheel profile on vehicle dynamics and the trend of wear in the wheels as a result of the vehicle movements. ADAMS/RAIL is used to build a multi-body system model of the vehicle. The track model is also configured as an elastic body. Measured new and worn wheel profiles are used to provide boundary conditions for the wheel/rail contacts. The fleet velocity profile taken during its normal braking is also used for the simulation. Wear numbers are calculated for different sets of wheels and the results compared with each other. Outcome of this research can be used for modifying dynamic performance of the vehicle, improving its suspension elements and increasing ride quality. It can also be further processed to reach to a modified wheel profile suitable for the fleet/track combination and for improved maintenance of the wheels. A major advantage of the computer models in this paper is the insertion of the wheel surface properties into the boundary conditions for dynamic modelling of the fleet. This is performed by regularly measuring the worn wheel profiles during their service life and by the calculation of the wear rate for individual wheels.