高压冲水喷嘴破土性能试验研究

高压冲水喷嘴的破土性能对耙吸挖泥船的疏浚效率有着重要的影响。通过试验对高压冲水喷嘴的破土性能进行研究。结果显示:随着靶距的增加,高压冲水喷嘴的破土深度逐渐减小,破土宽度逐渐增大;随着喷嘴出口压力的增大,破土深度逐渐增加,破土宽度逐渐减小;随着航速的增加,破土深度和破土宽度均逐渐减小;对比有耐磨块和无耐磨块时高压冲水喷嘴的破土性能,两者破土特性的整体变化趋势基本一致——在喷嘴离泥面相同距离时,有耐磨块高压冲水的破土深度和破土宽度均比无耐磨块时要大,且破土宽度的对比量更为明显。     

砂卵石地层泥水盾构施工技术难点及控制措施分析——以兰州地铁穿黄隧道工程为例

为解决泥水盾构在砂卵石地层掘进过程中所面临的刀盘结构磨损严重、刀盘开口率调节不便、刀具磨损严重、泥水环流系统堵塞以及泥浆管路磨损严重等工程技术难题,针对兰州地铁穿黄隧道工程富水砂卵石地层条件,提出刀盘结构适应性改进措施、刀具磨损控制措施、环流系统改进措施以及泥浆管路磨损控制措施。研究表明： 1）对刀盘结构进行适应性改进,可有效解决砂卵石地层刀盘结构磨损严重和刀盘开口率调节等问题; 2）将边缘单刃滚刀改为双刃滚刀,导流刀改为撕裂刀,可有效增强盾构刀具的耐磨性能,提高盾构的掘进效率; 3）从碎石系统改进和大漂石、卵石处理2个方面对盾构环流系统进行改进,可有效解决盾构环流系统堵塞的问题; 4）将整体泥浆管路分为3段,相邻管路之间用法兰盘连接,可有效解决泥浆管路局部磨损严重的难题。     

Wheel life prediction model – an alternative to the FASTSIM algorithm for RCF

In this article, a wheel life prediction model considering wear and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) is developed and applied to a heavy-haul locomotive. For wear calculations, a methodology based on Archard's wear calculation theory is used. The simulated wear depth is compared with profile measurements within 100,000?km. For RCF, a shakedown-based theory is applied locally, using the FaStrip algorithm to estimate the tangential stresses instead of FASTSIM. The differences between the two algorithms on damage prediction models are studied. The running distance between the two reprofiling due to RCF is estimated based on a Wöhler-like relationship developed from laboratory test results from the literature and the Palmgren-Miner rule. The simulated crack locations and their angles are compared with a five-year field study. Calculations to study the effects of electro-dynamic braking, track gauge, harder wheel material and the increase of axle load on the wheel life are also carried out.     

Analysis of the evolvement of contact wire wear irregularity in railway catenary based on historical data

This paper studies the evolvement of the wear irregularity of contact wire using wire thickness data measured yearly from a section of railway catenary. The power spectral density and time–frequency representation based on the wavelet transform are employed for data analysis, with an emphasis on local wear irregularities that are crucial for contact wire condition assessment. To investigate the cause of wear irregularity evolvement and the mutual influence with the pantograph–catenary dynamic interaction, simulations considering the influence of wear irregularity are carried out based on the finite element method. Analyses of the actual wear irregularities and the dynamic contact force under singular and complex wear irregularities are performed. Although the wear irregularity has limited impact on the pantograph–catenary interaction, it can induce the vibration of pantograph and contact wire that will lead to a notable increase of contact force standard deviation. The evolvement of wear irregularity is closely associated with the span length and dropper distribution of catenary structure and the running direction of pantograph. In addition, it is found feasible to detect the wear irregularity based on contact force, on condition that the sampling frequency is high enough to reflect the indicative frequencies.     

驾驶模式对轮对异常磨耗的影响

南京地铁车辆轮对磨耗情况严重.原因除轮、轨匹配的因素外,还发现制动系统可能存在过度的问题.通过不同驾驶模式下踏面外形的对比,分析认为:踏面凹陷磨损的问题和制动过于频繁有一定关系,要改善踏面凹痕磨耗还需要从轮轨接触面考虑,为彻底解决异常磨耗问题,只需要设计踏面外形.     

关于C80型敞车摇枕弹簧定位圆脐磨耗原因分析及相关建议

从动力学及运用状况综合分析了C80型敞车装用的转K6型转向架的摇枕弹簧定位圆脐磨耗的主要原因,并提出了一些相关建议。     

时速300km高速列车铜基粒子强化闸片的研究

通过粉末冶金工艺,制备了铜基粒子强化材料,材料由金属基体铜、铁、铝、锡和多种高硬度陶瓷粒子以及石墨、二硫化钼构成。利用定速摩擦试验机在摩擦压力为0.45~0.9 MPa、模拟列车速度为50~300km.h-1的实验条件下,对制备的材料进行了摩擦性能测试。结果表明:该材料在定速摩擦条件下的摩擦系数大都处于或高于国际铁路联盟(UIC)标准的上限。在1∶1制动动力试验台上,对用该材料制造的高速列车制动闸片进行最高时速达300 km的工况测试。结果表明:该制动闸片的摩擦系数完全处于UIC标准的控制范围内,磨损率为0.37 cm3.MJ-1,并且产生的噪音低,振动小,导热性好,适合在时速300 km的高速列车上使用。     

偏刃刀圈在小转弯半径隧道施工工况中的研究与应用

为开发出适合在小转弯隧道中使用的新型滚刀刀圈，在磨粒磨损原理的基础上，通过研究CSM刀圈侧边受力模型、边缘滚刀破岩机制、磨损量预测公式，进行滚刀切削岩石试验，建立了刀圈与岩石接触力模型，分析了转弯段边缘滚刀刀圈受力情况、针对性设计了偏刃刀圈，并在山东文登小转弯半径隧道掘进段工况下进行常规刀圈和偏刃刀圈工业试验。得出结论如下： 1）TBM掘进直线隧道时边缘滚刀所受侧向力不可忽视，侧向力与刀圈同岩石的接触面积和所受的压力有关； 2）在直线工况掘进下的边缘滚刀外侧岩石几乎不发生破坏，边缘滚刀内侧对岩石具有“刮擦剪切效应”，刀圈内侧所受侧向力远大于外侧； 3）转弯段刀圈内侧受力严重偏离了正压力方向，加速边缘滚刀刀圈内侧的磨损； 4）在掘进距离达145.43 m时，19#和20#刀位的偏刃刀圈较常规刀圈磨损速率分别降低7.4%和17.5%。因此，偏刃刀圈更加适用于小转弯工况下的隧道掘进。     

潜盾机切刃盘于卵砾石层开挖之特性

潜盾工法于卵砾石层开挖需面对许多问题,诸如切刃盘开口尺寸及开口率之设计;滚轮切刃齿及切刃齿之配置、材质与成本问题等。潜盾机于卵砾石层中掘进时,通常无法期望以单一开口尺寸或开口率去应付长距离的挖掘,需要因应地质变化适时予以改变;滚轮切刃齿及切刃齿的配置与材质应用,则悠关是否能以最小成本产生最大之开挖效率。本文以长距离卵砾石层潜盾洞道开挖为例,依据实际切刃盘改造型式与掘进管理图表,探讨开口尺寸与开口率的适用性,并于现场量测所得滚轮切刃齿及切刃齿之磨耗数据,加以汇整并以图表呈现,可明显得知其间之关键因素,值得提供作为日后设计与施工之参考。