Topological constraints on the dynamics of wasp-waist ecosystems

Small pelagic fish species like anchovy or sardines are of high ecological and economical importance. As marine food webs are fished down, these small pelagics tend to be more exploited and overfished. It is not yet very well known what the possible effects of their collapse can be, therefore there is an urgent need to outline a theoretical framework for understanding their dynamics. These fish occupy very special position in food webs, ensuring energy transfer between species lower and higher levels, while forming narrow “wasp-waists” poor in number of species (but very abundant). Our purpose was to quantify the interaction structure of model food webs of equal complexity but different levels of “wasp-waistedness”. We analysed the topological properties of the webs by characterising every direct and indirect interactions between individual species, as well as by assessing the relative positional importance of each species in each web. We found that (1) the shorter the interaction pathways considered, the weaker the predictive power of node degree for positional importance, (2) the importance of species varies more in wasp-waist food webs, (3) if longer indirect chain effects are considered, indirect effects can well be stronger than direct ones, (4) interactions between coexisting wasp-waist species are stronger than the average, and (5) the “self-regulatory” looping effects are also stronger for wasp-waist species. Based on the topological properties of the networks, our results describe constraints acting on the dynamical behaviour of wasp-waist ecosystems. We give explanations, from this viewpoint, for regime shifts in which one WW species replaces another, and for the unpredictable dynamics of these fish stocks. From a marine conservation viewpoint, we illustrate that as the abundance of wasp-waist species decreases, the architecture of energy flows becomes highly vulnerable and unreliable. We provide an approach for quantifying these structural changes.     

东营银座人行桥的设计

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基于web的电机保护器的原理及应用研究

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针对舰船结构中强梁腹板特殊开孔引起的应力集中问题,应用有限元法分析了开孔的垂向位置、孔的宽度、孔的长度对强梁整体强度的影响,以及其最大应力发生位置的变化规律,讨论了3种常用开孔补强方法的补强效果,并提出了一些供实际结构设计的参考意见。     

UHPC梁受剪性能试验与抗剪承载力计算方法

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波形钢腹板组合桥梁相比于传统桥梁具有自重轻、防止腹板开裂、力学性能好等许多优点,得到越来越多青睐,然而,国内波形钢腹板的安装工法还不够完善。现提出一种新型波形钢腹板安装工艺,对国内波形钢腹板组合箱梁悬浇施工0号块波形板安装控制方法进行论述。其中,对安装过程中的关键控制点及其方法做了详细细说明和分析,能极大地改善工法和提高施工效率。     

基于Web Service的面向服务架构(SOA)的研究

介绍了Web Service的关键技术,分析了面向服务的体系结构和特点.提出了一种基于Web Service的面向服务架构的实现方案,并结合实例对企业应用集成的过程进行了探讨.     

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