提速线路轨温对轨道横向位移影响实测分析

通过对某条提速线路曲线段的轨温及横向位移进行现场测试,分析了曲线段轨道结构在轨温变化时对轨排横向位移变化的影响.分析结果表明:在轨温较低的情况下,列车荷载激扰等随机因素是轨排横向位移的主因;在轨温较高时,轨排横向位移的主因则是轨道温度力.曲线段轨排横向位移的波形差异性较大,在日常工务养护中应以缓圆点附近的曲线作为养护重点.     

Assessment of fatigue strength of steel butt-welded joints in as-welded condition – Alternative approaches for curve fitting and mean stress effect analysis

Experimental fatigue data for butt-welded joints in as-welded condition and under constant amplitude tensile loading (secondary bending included) were analyzed using the nominal stress system and the notch stress system. Two approaches were used; a standard fitting procedure and minimization of the sum of squared perpendicular distances from a line with a fixed and free slope. In all cases, the latter method gave better agreement between the experimental and predicted fatigue life and fatigue strength. The analyses showed both with all broken specimen data included and with reduced data that the FAT225 curve, as recommended by IIW, might be too optimistic for the notch stress approach in the case of butt-welded joints in as-welded condition. It was also found that use of the local stress ratio instead of the applied stress ratio might explain many issues concerning current observations and apparent inconsistencies in reported literature.     

汕头苏埃隧道方案设计关键技术研究

根据汕头苏埃隧道的建设条件,对工程方案设计中的几个技术难点进行研究,并提出解决方案。通过采用"多级分流"理念,实现隧道与北岸4条城市主干道的交通衔接;选择"抛石+排水板"方案解决海域深厚淤泥地层中的围堰设计;8度高烈度震区选择合理的抗震减震措施解决隧道结构抗震;采取双道密封垫和加大密封垫断面的防水设计,满足地震时管片接缝张开量大的防水要求;针对复杂地层,对盾构选型和配置提出建议;对海底凸起进入隧道内的硬岩进行爆破预处理,以降低盾构施工风险。     

T型接头横向埋藏裂纹扩展特性

基于断裂力学理论和有限元分析,研究T型接头横向埋藏裂纹扩展特性,实现了双向拉伸载荷作用下T型接头横向埋藏裂纹扩展形状变化的数值模拟。结果表明:T型接头横向埋藏裂纹扩展至结构表面时的形状为近圆形,与裂纹埋藏位置和初始形状无关;埋藏于焊趾端部板材中的裂纹扩展快于埋藏于焊缝中的裂纹扩展。     

线路支承状态变化对轨道动态特性的影响

把温度力作用下的无缝线路简化为纵向力作用的弹性等间距支承的无限长均匀梁结构,通过连续梁理论,建立了纵向力作用下无缝线路钢轨的振动模型.分析了轨道结构钢轨自振频率与其纵向力间的内在关系,分别讨论了钢轨在承受纵向拉力和纵向压力时自振频率的变化特征,比较了钢轨类型改变、钢轨支承间距变化后对上述变化的影响.结果表明:纵向拉力作用下钢轨的竖向自振频率会随着拉力的增加而增大,钢轨支承间距加大会降低其自振频率;纵向压力作用下,钢轨的竖向自振频率随着压力的增加而减小;第一振型变化趋势基本分为两个阶段,当轴向压力较小时,呈线性变化,随着轴向压力的不断增加,逐渐地产生了非线性的变化;二阶及以上振型变化与受拉状态相似.     

CWELD焊点类型有限元结构刚度分析

针对在白车身等复杂的焊接结构进行有限元分析过程中,不同焊点的模拟方法对结构的弯曲刚度和扭转刚度影响较大的问题,文章对CWELD焊点进行研究,以RBE2刚性单元为参照,得出CWELD焊点对弯曲和扭转刚度的影响,为焊点的有限元建模方法积累经验。     

小阻力扣件桥上无缝线路附加力

在铁路桥梁上铺设无缝线路，为了降低梁跨结构和钢轨之间的相互作用力，往往采用小阻力扣件。在有碴桥上无缝线路采用小阻力扣件，在钢轨、轨枕及梁跨结构三者之间将产生较明显相对位移，以往的计算模型没有考虑轨枕和钢轨相对位移的影响，与有碴轨道小阻力扣件桥上无缝线路工况存在较大偏差。在吸收国内外研究成果的基础上，建立了一种能综合考虑钢轨、轨枕、梁体三者相互作用的有碴轨道小阻力扣件桥上无缝线路附加力计算力学模型，给出了算例，对不同力学模型计算结果作了对比。计算结果表明，新模型计算结果要小于既有模型，对于柔性墩台结构，差分尤其明显。不考虑轨枕位移，该模型也适用于无碴轨道小阻力扣件桥上无缝线路附加力计算，相比有碴桥，小阻力扣件无碴桥上无缝线路附加力有较大幅度增加。     

海洋平台KK型管节点的疲劳性能试验研究

以某自升式海洋平台为研究对象,进行了空间KK型管节点在轴力作用下的疲劳性能的试验研究.通过对管节点模型的试验测试,得到了KK节点在轴力作用下沿着焊缝周围的热应力区内的热点应力分布及节点的应力集中系数,并采用S-N曲线法对KK型管节点的疲劳寿命进行估算.通过对比分析,指出了试验方法与规范计算方法在管节点疲劳性能分析上的差异性.     

大型C型独立液货罐Y型接头疲劳强度评估

随着C型独立液货罐的新技术发展,目前在工业界推出了采用双体罐和三体罐构造形式的新颖大型C型独立液货罐。由于双体罐和三体罐构造的要求,在相邻罐体连接处设有Y型接头。该Y型接头位置处由于结构件交汇,构造复杂、应力集中,在船舶运动、蒸汽压力变化,以及温度变化的动载作用下有可能发生疲劳损伤。本文对新颖大型C型独立液货罐Y型接头疲劳强度评估方法的规范技术要求及制定开展了深入详尽的研究,包括对C型独立液货罐疲劳损伤计算工况择取,液货内部动压力计算公式推导,蒸气压力、温度变化等低周疲劳载荷模式确定等,创新提出一整套基于热点应力的C型独立液货罐Y型接头的疲劳损伤评估方法的规范实施要求。进一步地,还推导了基于一般实际情况假设下的C型独立液货罐Y型接头疲劳评估筛分准则,并应用本文上述研究成果和结论,进行了双体和三体罐Y型接头疲劳评估和筛分准则的应用与验证。     

Numerical simulations of fatigue crack initiation and propagation based on re-tensile plastic zone generating load criterion for in-plane gusset welded joints

Many accidents are caused by fatigue in welded built-up steel structures, and so it is important to estimate the fatigue lives of such structures quantitatively for safety reasons. By assuming that fatigue cracks cannot grow without an accumulation of alternating tensile/compressional plastic strain, one of the authors identified an improved effective stress intensity factor range ΔK _RPG based on the re-tensile plastic zone generating (RPG) load, which represents the driving force for fatigue cracks, and suggested that ΔK _RPG should be used as the parameter to describe fatigue crack growth behavior. The “FLARP” numerical simulation code in which ΔK _RPG is implemented as the fatigue crack growth parameter, was developed in order to predict fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior. In this paper, it is demonstrated that FLARP gives accurate estimates for fatigue life by comparing the estimated fatigue crack growth curves and S–N curves with the experimental results for in-plane gusset welded joints, which are used in many welded steel structures. Moreover, the effect of induced bending moment due to the linear misalignment in the out of plane direction on the fatigue strength of in-plane gusset welded joints is investigated through numerical simulations.