The mechanisms involved during the wet braking of new and worn tires

ABSTRACT

Tires are used by the customers during several tens of thousands of kilometres, and before their replacement, the driver will encounter a continuous variation of tread depth due to the tire wearing. Although the wet braking labelling demonstrates the performance of the tire in the new stage, it is known that the wet traction evolves with tire wear. In this paper, an in-depth comparison of the wet grip performance of new and worn tires will be conducted, based on the regulatory wet braking test. For this purpose, we propose an original approach to analyse braking test results, which allows breaking down and quantifying the relative importance of the mechanisms involved during this test. This study demonstrates that two main mechanisms are taking place during the entire test: rubber friction and hydroplaning mechanisms. The µ value obtained at low speeds reflects the friction potential of the tested tires while the decline of performance at higher speeds is attributed to hydroplaning mechanisms. This analysis is conducted on numerous tires and demonstrates that current regulatory test applied on new tires is focussing mainly on the rubber friction mechanism. The same test applied on worn tires exhibits both rubber friction and hydroplaning mechanisms. The mechanisms decomposition shows that the source of the performance decline from new to worn status varies greatly, some tires having most of their performance loss due to hydroplaning, some others due to rubber friction drop.     

MIDAS/Civil分体式小箱梁湿接缝模拟方法

以由3片分体式组合箱梁组成的30 m三跨连续梁桥为研究对象,利用大型有限元软件MIDAS/Civil,建立了3种湿接缝模拟方法的梁单元模型,分别为湿接缝换算法、刚接梁法、横向虚拟梁法。对比分析3种计算模型在3种荷载工况下各片箱梁的边跨跨中与中跨跨中位移解。计算结果表明:实体模型计算结果准确但建模复杂,与之相比,湿接缝换算法、刚接梁法、横向虚拟梁法模型建模较简单,最大误差为6.4%;湿接缝换算法、刚接梁法、横向虚拟梁法是分体式组合小箱梁桥的较合适建模方法,可用于分体式组合小箱梁桥结构分析。     

黄土隧道中系统锚杆的效用分析

黄土隧道是否应设置系统锚杆,应如何设置锚杆,一直以来是工程界争论的焦点。用隧道稳定性定量计算方法—有限元强度折减法对其进行讨论和分析,结果表明,对于有支护的黄土隧道,可以通过折减材料强度来得到其安全储备大小,并可以用安全系数对安全储备的大小进行定量描述。用强度折减法对某黄土隧道在12种不同支护条件下的安全系数大小进行计算和对比。计算结果对比分析表明,黄土隧道中设置系统锚杆对隧道整体稳定性影响不大,黄土隧道中只有采用拱架支护才能有效提高隧道的稳定性。     

高速铁路黄土隧道内轨道板上拱机理及整治方案

采用现场钻探、调查等方法对高速铁路黄土隧道运营前洞口段轨道板上拱现象进行分析,研究轨道板上拱机理,并给出相应处理方案.分析结果表明:中心水沟渗漏导致地基土含水率增大是轨道板上拱的主要原因;隧底湿陷性新黄土受水浸泡软化,仰拱填充层开裂,明洞段受其两侧暗洞段与路基桩板纵向挤压作用产生隆起;受水浸泡后,寒季冻涨作用使轨道板上拱.整治前隧道进口洞门段轨道板上拱最大值为12.9 mm,采用旋喷桩对隧道仰拱底予以加固并采取隧道疏排水措施后上拱现象消失,说明该措施可有效控制轨道板上拱变形.     

Towards data-driven car-following models

Car following models have been studied with many diverse approaches for decades. Nowadays, technological advances have significantly improved our traffic data collection capabilities. Conventional car following models rely on mathematical formulas and are derived from traffic flow theory; a property that often makes them more restrictive. On the other hand, data-driven approaches are more flexible and allow the incorporation of additional information to the model; however, they may not provide as much insight into traffic flow theory as the traditional models. In this research, an innovative methodological framework based on a data-driven approach is proposed for the estimation of car-following models, suitable for incorporation into microscopic traffic simulation models. An existing technique, i.e. locally weighted regression (loess), is defined through an optimization problem and is employed in a novel way. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using data collected from a sequence of instrumented vehicles in Naples, Italy. Gipps’ model, one of the most extensively used car-following models, is calibrated against the same data and used as a reference benchmark. Optimization issues are raised in both cases. The obtained results suggest that data-driven car-following models could be a promising research direction.     

运营高铁车站黄土路基沉降特征及原因分析

针对黄土地区某高铁车站路基沉降病害问题,选取典型区域,采用PS-InSRA技术对变形区域进行监测,获取2017年2月至2019年6月的Sentinel-1A卫星影像数据并与现场勘测结果相结合,分析形变特征和趋势,以指导后续病害治理。结果表明:研究区域路基沉降主要发生在2017年5月至9月和2018年4月至8月两个时间段,春夏季沉降速率较大,秋冬季相对平稳;地基土含水率在13%~26%之间,在地下2 m和4 m为含水率增加速率临界深度,0~2 m范围内的含水率增加较快,2~4 m范围内的含水率增加速率减缓,4~10 m范围内含水率基本稳定;路基部位地基处理影响范围有限,路基侧沟外侧地基土干密度偏小,渗透系数偏大,路基沉降的主要原因为车站场坪地表汇水渗入地基引起路基黄土层湿化变形。     

下沉短桩越顶问题的有限元分析

下埋短桩是一种介于抗滑键与全长桩的一种特殊的抗滑桩,在合适的位置上采用将桩顶下沉设置较短的桩就可使边坡达到设计要求的安全系数,而桩身内力较全长桩有所降低,因此从经济角度与受力方面来看,具有良好的应用前景,但是滑体有可能沿桩顶失稳剪出,导致边坡工程失败,在应用上受到了很大的制约.现以云阳县太公沱至余家包库岸大咀段库岸滑坡工程为例,对用下埋短桩治理后是否越过抗滑短桩桩顶问题,采用了有限元强度折减法验证.     

成品湿法橡胶沥青AR-SMA13的应用研究

结合成品湿法橡胶沥青AR-SMA13的应用研究情况,从配合比设计、施工工艺、经济性等方面进行了全面介绍,实践表明,其性能优异,综合成本相比同类沥青产品低,性价比高,具有良好的推广应用价值.     

简支转连续梁桥特点及单（双）支座受力分析

从支承形式上来看,简支转连续梁桥主要包括单支座和双支座两种主要的结构形式.为了更好地发挥简支转连续梁桥的特点,了解该类桥梁不同支承形式的受力性能,对两种支承形式进行了支座沉降、温度变化以及双支座脱空受力分析,并得出了相应结论供相关人员参考.     

西安地铁建设技术攻关与安全管理

结合西安地铁建设特色,从施工技术方面阐述文物、黄土、地裂缝三大工程难点的技术攻关成果,从建设管理角度介绍工程安全管理和当前风险控制的成功经验.