大断面黄土隧道斜井三岔口施工技术

主要介绍庆兴隧道四号斜井在斜井进入与正洞的三岔口段快速的施工技术。     

人工湿地在路面径流污水处理中的应用

对采用人工湿地进行高速公路路面径流处理的方法进行了探讨。首先分析了路面径流的主要污染成分,论证了人工湿地处理此类污水的适用性。然后,对人工湿地的处理原理进行了阐述。最后,结合广东渝湛高速公路(粤境段)的实际情况,对处理路面径流的人工湿地的设计方法进行了探讨,突出体现了其与普通城市污水处理的差异性。设计方法可以为国内路面径流的人工湿地处理设计提供参考借鉴。     

湿喷防水混凝土技术的试验研究

湿喷防水混凝土技术主要利用湿喷技术将结构支护和结构防水合二为一 ,使支护结构具有早期强度高、防水性能好、施工粉尘含量低、适应性广等特点。结合东秦岭特长隧道工程实例 ,介绍湿喷混凝土的防水机理、原材料选择及组分配比等     

黄土地区路基排水设施常见病害及防治对策

针对黄土地区路基排水设施常见的病害类型,结合黄土的特性对病害类型产生的原因进行了分析,在此基础上提出了相应的防治对策及建议。分析结果表明:具有超前性的设计和主动性的综合排水系统,对于保证排水的系统性和完整性是非常必要的。     

陕北黄土地区高速公路边坡防护及绿化调查与分析

通过陕北地区一些黄土边坡防护、绿化现状的考察和总结,对该地区黄土边坡防护、绿化效果进行了分析,并据此提出对黄土地区边坡防护应以理论计算为基础,同时从边坡坡率选择、植物种类选择、保水措施综合考虑,从影响边坡防护、绿化效果的各种制约因素中寻求平衡。     

The mechanisms involved during the wet braking of new and worn tires

ABSTRACT

Tires are used by the customers during several tens of thousands of kilometres, and before their replacement, the driver will encounter a continuous variation of tread depth due to the tire wearing. Although the wet braking labelling demonstrates the performance of the tire in the new stage, it is known that the wet traction evolves with tire wear. In this paper, an in-depth comparison of the wet grip performance of new and worn tires will be conducted, based on the regulatory wet braking test. For this purpose, we propose an original approach to analyse braking test results, which allows breaking down and quantifying the relative importance of the mechanisms involved during this test. This study demonstrates that two main mechanisms are taking place during the entire test: rubber friction and hydroplaning mechanisms. The µ value obtained at low speeds reflects the friction potential of the tested tires while the decline of performance at higher speeds is attributed to hydroplaning mechanisms. This analysis is conducted on numerous tires and demonstrates that current regulatory test applied on new tires is focussing mainly on the rubber friction mechanism. The same test applied on worn tires exhibits both rubber friction and hydroplaning mechanisms. The mechanisms decomposition shows that the source of the performance decline from new to worn status varies greatly, some tires having most of their performance loss due to hydroplaning, some others due to rubber friction drop.     

MIDAS/Civil分体式小箱梁湿接缝模拟方法

以由3片分体式组合箱梁组成的30 m三跨连续梁桥为研究对象,利用大型有限元软件MIDAS/Civil,建立了3种湿接缝模拟方法的梁单元模型,分别为湿接缝换算法、刚接梁法、横向虚拟梁法。对比分析3种计算模型在3种荷载工况下各片箱梁的边跨跨中与中跨跨中位移解。计算结果表明:实体模型计算结果准确但建模复杂,与之相比,湿接缝换算法、刚接梁法、横向虚拟梁法模型建模较简单,最大误差为6.4%;湿接缝换算法、刚接梁法、横向虚拟梁法是分体式组合小箱梁桥的较合适建模方法,可用于分体式组合小箱梁桥结构分析。     

黄土隧道中系统锚杆的效用分析

黄土隧道是否应设置系统锚杆,应如何设置锚杆,一直以来是工程界争论的焦点。用隧道稳定性定量计算方法—有限元强度折减法对其进行讨论和分析,结果表明,对于有支护的黄土隧道,可以通过折减材料强度来得到其安全储备大小,并可以用安全系数对安全储备的大小进行定量描述。用强度折减法对某黄土隧道在12种不同支护条件下的安全系数大小进行计算和对比。计算结果对比分析表明,黄土隧道中设置系统锚杆对隧道整体稳定性影响不大,黄土隧道中只有采用拱架支护才能有效提高隧道的稳定性。     

高速铁路黄土隧道内轨道板上拱机理及整治方案

采用现场钻探、调查等方法对高速铁路黄土隧道运营前洞口段轨道板上拱现象进行分析,研究轨道板上拱机理,并给出相应处理方案.分析结果表明:中心水沟渗漏导致地基土含水率增大是轨道板上拱的主要原因;隧底湿陷性新黄土受水浸泡软化,仰拱填充层开裂,明洞段受其两侧暗洞段与路基桩板纵向挤压作用产生隆起;受水浸泡后,寒季冻涨作用使轨道板上拱.整治前隧道进口洞门段轨道板上拱最大值为12.9 mm,采用旋喷桩对隧道仰拱底予以加固并采取隧道疏排水措施后上拱现象消失,说明该措施可有效控制轨道板上拱变形.     

Towards data-driven car-following models

Car following models have been studied with many diverse approaches for decades. Nowadays, technological advances have significantly improved our traffic data collection capabilities. Conventional car following models rely on mathematical formulas and are derived from traffic flow theory; a property that often makes them more restrictive. On the other hand, data-driven approaches are more flexible and allow the incorporation of additional information to the model; however, they may not provide as much insight into traffic flow theory as the traditional models. In this research, an innovative methodological framework based on a data-driven approach is proposed for the estimation of car-following models, suitable for incorporation into microscopic traffic simulation models. An existing technique, i.e. locally weighted regression (loess), is defined through an optimization problem and is employed in a novel way. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using data collected from a sequence of instrumented vehicles in Naples, Italy. Gipps’ model, one of the most extensively used car-following models, is calibrated against the same data and used as a reference benchmark. Optimization issues are raised in both cases. The obtained results suggest that data-driven car-following models could be a promising research direction.