The taxi industry: working conditions and health of drivers,a literature review

The taxi industry plays an important role in urban transportation systems, both in economic and mobility terms. In the case of the former, it provides employment for a large number of people and circulates significant amounts of money. In the case of the latter, it is a flexible means of transportation capable of arriving at any destination. Although the way the taxi industry is organised varies across countries and even within countries, some factors are shared at varying latitudes of the globe. Working conditions, habits, health, and exposure to road crashes have been a subject of interest for researchers from various disciplines, including medicine, psychology, and economics. However, much of this research focuses on a part of the problem and is not mutually referential. A review of the literature may be useful not only to researchers of diverse disciplines but also to industry representatives and those public officials responsible for transportation, road safety and health policy. This article provides a comprehensive review of the working conditions of taxi drivers, their relationship to road risk exposure and their consequences on the health of workers. It also includes information on coping strategies and protective behaviors. The review is based on a Scopus database search. The search covered the period from 1990 to 2015. This initial search was complemented with other database searches, which yielded some additional studies. Our goal was to summarise existing knowledge, identify possible lines of research and suggest some practical recommendations. It would be important (a) to reduce the workload, establish adequate time for breaks, and provide access to healthcare, (b) to implement actions to promote and maintain healthy habits, (c) to diagnose, detect and treat indicators of occupational fatigue and stress, and (d) to develop programs that make it possible to evaluate work concerns and broaden coping strategies to foster positive changes.     

金属转轴无线感应供电系统传输功率分析与结构优化

金属转轴扭矩、功率和形变等参数的在线检测在船舶等领域具有广泛的工程应用背景,对旋转机构的供电问题是影响检测可靠性和实用性的关键。传统的滑环和电池供电方式存在可靠性和寿命上的局限性。本文设计了一种用于金属转轴的侧置式感应供电系统,建立了磁场耦合单元的有限元分析模型,分析了互感耦合参数对系统传输功率和效率的影响,得出了在不同谐振拓扑结构下以最大传输功率为目标的最佳互感耦合参数,包括最佳的原副边线圈电感值及其比例等等关系,以及金属转轴与磁芯间距离。进一步分析了通过磁屏蔽技术和改进原边线圈绕制方式来提高金属转轴感应供电系统能量传输效率的可行性。最后通过实验验证了本文设计和分析方法的准确性和有效性。     

Study on the Stress and Deformation Behaviors of a Deep and Irregular Foundation Pit as the Shield Launching Shaft in a Sea Reclaimed Cofferdam北大核心CSCD

With the development of the tunnel technology in China, the shield tunnel will become an important way to build the Sea-crossing channel. Taking the current largest diameter Shantou Bay shield tunnel in China as the engineering background, this paper introduces the challenges faced by the construction of the shield launching shaft in the reclamation cofferdam: e.g. deep, irregular excavation, deep silt layer and great influence of the seawater. Based on the practical conditions, a top-down construction technique of large ring beam considering two working conditions of foundation pit excavation and shield launching is proposed. Based on three-dimensional finite element analysis and field measurement, the stress characteristics and soil deformation of foundation pit are studied. The results show that the top-down construction technique of large ring beam can effectively control the deformation of the foundation pit and save construction time. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

振荡浮标式波浪能发电机设计参数的初步选定

参考某型振荡浮标式波浪能发电机的具体参数,结合装置的工作过程,建立海洋浮标工作过程的动力学方程;基于数值分析软件Matlab分析给定海况下浮标质量、电磁阻尼系数与装置工作安全性、能量转换效率的对应关系;探索了一组装置结构的最优化参数。研究结果对海洋可再生能源研究具有一定的参考价值。     

8V280柴油机平衡方案设计及平衡性能分析

针对8V280柴油机二阶往复惯性力及倾覆力矩难以平衡的问题,通过平衡性能计算对额定转速工况下的柴油机进行双轴平衡方案设计,并基于虚拟样机技术对柴油机的平衡特性进行多方面研究分析。动力学仿真分析发现,计算出的倾覆力矩曲线与理论计算的曲线非常吻合,充分证明了仿真模型与仿真结果的正确性,同时也验证了双轴平衡方案的有效性。在刚柔耦合柴油机模型的基础上,完成了整机振动烈度速度值的仿真测量,其振动情况达到了"容许"级别,进一步体现了双轴平衡方案的平衡效果,也为生产实体样机的可行性提供了可靠的依据。     

推进轴系回旋振动对船体尾部振动影响分析

船舶在航行过程中,螺旋桨在不均匀的伴流场中工作产生周期性的弯曲力矩作用在螺旋桨轴上,使推进轴系在螺旋桨或转轴上旋转的横向力矩作用下,旋转轴绕其静平衡曲线产生振动,从而出现回旋振动现象,而严重的轴系回旋振动引起轴承反力的动力放大而引起船体尾部结构的振动.本文对一艘尾部结构振动严重的船舶进行了推进轴系回旋振动计算分析及实船振动测量验证,分析了推进轴系回旋振动对船体尾部结构振动影响,通过更换尾管前轴承、调整中间轴承的位置,解决了轴系回旋振动引起的船体尾部结构严重振动问题,为解决类似船体尾部振动问题分析提供参考.     

基于流固耦合的船舶轴-桨耦合振动特性分析

以研究螺旋桨水动力和离心力对船舶轴-桨组合振动特性的影响为本文的研究目的,基于W o r k-bench平台,采用流固耦合有限元分析方法,进行船舶轴-桨组合模态分析.在CFX中计算螺旋桨敞水性能,并在Ansys中将螺旋桨叶面水压力和离心力作为预应力分析轴桨组合振动的固有频率和振型,比较轴系、螺旋桨单独模型和轴-桨组合模型在固有频率上的区别.计算结果表明,轴桨组合的固有频率远远低于轴系和螺旋桨独立模型的固有频率;轴-桨旋转产生的离心力对其固有频率影响不大;螺旋桨在流场中产生的水压力略微提高纵向振动固有频率,但影响很小,在实际应用中可以忽略.     

基于Z源逆变器的船用轴带发电机系统仿真研究

船舶轴带电机能够充分利用主柴油机的富裕功率,达到节能减排的作用.相较于传统的逆变器,Z源逆变器能同时实现升/降压功能,且电路结构简单,控制方便.在船舶轴带发电机系统结构的基础上,详细论述了Z源逆变器的结构和工作原理,并结合并网PQ控制策略,实现对船舶轴带电机系统的控制.通过Matlab/simulink仿真波形,可知基于Z源逆变器和并网控制策略船舶轴带发电机系统可以输出需要的电压和电流,进一步验证了所提控制策略的正确性和可行性.     

化子闸泵站机组选型分析

化子闸泵站是姚江二通道(慈江)东排工程的梯级泵站之一,其主要任务是加大姚江干流东排分洪能力,提升江北、镇海片防洪排涝能力。泵站设计流量150 m3/s,设计净扬程仅0.32 m,属大流量超低扬程泵站。从水力性能、工程投资、施工和运行管理等方面综合比较,选用了竖井贯流泵装置,TJ04-ZL-07号水力模型。叶轮直径3.9 m,转速60 r/min,是目前国内最大口径和最低转速的竖井贯流泵装置。水泵结构设计的关键点是水导轴承,要求有较好的承载耐磨能力,并且在特低转速下能够形成油膜。经计算分析表明,选用巴氏合金油润滑轴承可满足安全运行要求。     

The process analysis and improvement of the slender and flat shaft of track recorder

1Introduction Thetrackrecorderisanimportanttechnicalinstru mentsproducedforamarineship.Itisusedforreal timedrawingofaship’scourse.Thecontrolsystemof thetrackrecorderisanopenloopsystemdrivenbya step by stepmotor,sotheprecisionofthetransforma tionpartdirec…