基于马尔可夫链的极值波高预测

本文研究了由日最大波高系列估算设计极值波高时，相邻日最大波高间的相关性对极值预测的影响，从日最大波高系列遵从马尔可夫链的假定出发，考虑到国内外经常采用对数一正态分布的韦布尔分布拟合波高长期分布的现实，本文用解析法求解了对数一正态分布情况下的极值预测。同时，对解析法难以求解的非正态随机变量情况（如韦布尔分布），用计算机随机模拟方法求解其极值预测，用上述两种方法对北大西洋和北海有关日最大波高系列的预测     

基于交通因子状态网络的城市交叉口交通流预测

信息技术的快速发展,为交通研究和城市交通管理提供了大规模、多样化的数据资源,并为城市交通状态估计和交通流预测方法的研究提供了有力支持。将城市交叉口视为一个微观交通系统,采用数据驱动与领域知识结合的方式,建立微观层次的交通因子状态网络模型（Traffic Factor State Network,TFSN）,考察交通因素之间的相互关联,并考虑环境因素的影响。该模型结合交通因子和环境影响因子的影响,通过对交通流数据进行聚类分析,估算出对应于环境影响因子的交通状态,并通过实际案例验证其物理意义以及与交通流实际状态的对应关系。进一步地,基于不同交通状态下的交通流数据建立高阶多元马尔可夫链,进行交通流预测,并根据交通流时间序列的聚类性能指标提高模型的预测准确性。对数据序列马氏性强弱、马尔可夫模型阶数与模型预测准确性之间关系进行分析。研究结果表明：根据马氏性合理选择马尔可夫模型的阶数可以提升模型预测准确性;直接对原始交通流数据进行预测的平均绝对百分比误差为24.61%,而不同交通状态下交通流预测的平均绝对百分比误差为16.99%,相比直接预测误差下降了7.62%,验证了所提出的微观交通因子状态网络的有效性和可用性。     

基于D2D技术的车车通信研究

阐述车车之间实现直接通信的应用价值和意义。利用列车在RBC中的注册数据(车次号)及同方向列车在区间内相对固定的运行顺序,在RBC端加入列车通信管理单元协助列车完成身份识别,并对特殊情况下的列车通信管理单元的布置原则进行分析。探讨利用D2D技术实现车车之间的信息互通,在结合C3线路列车的运行特征与D2D技术的模式特征后,选择D2D基站中继模式建立前后行列车的通信模型。在车车通信系统模型建立的基础上,对该系统的故障因素进行分析,利用马尔科夫模型对系统可靠性进行验证,结果显示其可靠性满足目前铁路运输的需求。     

基于周期时变特点的城市轨道交通短期客流预测研究

分析了城市轨道交通客流的周期时变性特征,并根据该特征在GM(1,1)灰色预测模型的基础上改进了马尔科夫算法,以适用于城市轨道交通短期客流预测。用无偏GM(1,1)模型拟合系统的发展变化趋势,再以此为基础进行了马尔科夫链预测,并采用多转移矩阵排除客流数据中噪声数据的扰动。试验结果表明,改进后的模型在城市轨道交通客流短期预测中具有良好的精确性。     

Driving cycle prediction model based on bus route features

Bus fuel economy is deeply influenced by the driving cycles, which vary for different route conditions. Buses optimized for a standard driving cycle are not necessarily suitable for actual driving conditions, and, therefore, it is critical to predict the driving cycles based on the route conditions. To conveniently predict representative driving cycles of special bus routes, this paper proposed a prediction model based on bus route features, which supports bus optimization. The relations between 27 inter-station characteristics and bus fuel economy were analyzed. According to the analysis, five inter-station route characteristics were abstracted to represent the bus route features, and four inter-station driving characteristics were abstracted to represent the driving cycle features between bus stations. Inter-station driving characteristic equations were established based on the multiple linear regression, reflecting the linear relationships between the five inter-station route characteristics and the four inter-station driving characteristics. Using kinematic segment classification, a basic driving cycle database was established, including 4704 different transmission matrices. Based on the inter-station driving characteristic equations and the basic driving cycle database, the driving cycle prediction model was developed, generating drive cycles by the iterative Markov chain for the assigned bus lines. The model was finally validated by more than 2 years of acquired data. The experimental results show that the predicted driving cycle is consistent with the historical average velocity profile, and the prediction similarity is 78.69%. The proposed model can be an effective way for the driving cycle prediction of bus routes.     

基于马尔可夫链的港口民营化过程模拟及预测

介绍了目前港口民营化概况,阐述了港口要素构成及特征与民营化目标模式,着重介绍了马尔可夫链的基本原理及其方法与港口民营化微观过程模拟,如何用马尔可夫链进行进口模式演进趋势预测等。     

The price of uncertainty in pavement infrastructure management planning: An integer programming approach

Currently there is a true dichotomy in the pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) literature. On the one hand, there are integer programming-based models that assume that parameters are deterministically known. On the other extreme, there are stochastic models, with the most popular class being based on the theory of Markov decision processes that are able to account for various sources of uncertainties observed in the real-world. In this paper, we present an integer programming-based alternative to account for these uncertainties. A critical feature of the proposed models is that they provide – a priori – probabilistic guarantees that the prescribed M&R decisions would result in pavement condition scores that are above their critical service levels, using minimal assumptions regarding the sources of uncertainty. By construction of the models, we can easily determine the additional budget requirements when additional sources of uncertainty are considered, starting from a fully deterministic model. We have coined this additional budget requirement the price of uncertainty to distinguish from previous related work where additional budget requirements were studied due to parameter uncertainties in stochastic models. A numerical case study presents valuable insights into the price of uncertainty and shows that it can be large.     

基于马尔可夫过程的快速路OD矩阵估计方法

为得到城市快速路网络的OD矩阵,引入马尔可夫理论.运用吸收马尔可夫过程对快速路网络进行建模分析,给出相应求解算法推导路段流量,小区OD矩阵表达式,并介绍了运用MATLAB软件进行矩阵求解的方法.最后进行了算例分析,利用VISSIM仿真,通过布设线圈检测器,对OD矩阵估计模型及算法进行精度评价.结果显示,模型可很好地拟合...     

A competing Markov model for cracking prediction on civil structures

Cracks on the surface of civil structures (e.g. pavement sections, concrete structures) progress in several formations and under different deterioration mechanisms. In monitoring practice, it is often that cracking type with its worst damage level is selected as a representative condition state, while other cracking types and their damage levels are neglected in records, remaining as hidden information. Therefore, the practice in monitoring has a potential to conceal with a bias selection process, which possibly result in not optimal intervention strategies. In overcoming these problems, our paper presents a non-homogeneous Markov hazard model, with competing hazard rates. Cracking condition states are classified in three types (longitudinal crack, horizontal crack, and alligator crack), with three respective damage levels. The dynamic selection of cracking condition states are undergone a competing process of cracking types and damage levels. We apply a numerical solution using Bayesian estimation and Markov Chain Monte Carlo method to solve the problem of high-order integration of complete likelihood function. An empirical study on a data-set of Japanese pavement system is presented to demonstrate the applicability and contribution of the model.     

Lane changing intention recognition based on speech recognition models

Poor driving habits such as not using turn signals when changing lanes present a major challenge to advanced driver assistance systems that rely on turn signals. To address this problem, we propose a novel algorithm combining the hidden Markov model (HMM) and Bayesian filtering (BF) techniques to recognize a driver’s lane changing intention. In the HMM component, the grammar definition is inspired by speech recognition models, and the output is a preliminary behavior classification. As for the BF component, the final behavior classification is produced based on the current and preceding outputs of the HMMs. A naturalistic data set is used to train and validate the proposed algorithm. The results reveal that the proposed HMM–BF framework can achieve a recognition accuracy of 93.5% and 90.3% for right and left lane changing, respectively, which is a significant improvement compared with the HMM-only algorithm. The recognition time results show that the proposed algorithm can recognize a behavior correctly at an early stage.