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This study analyzes pedestrian receptivity toward fully autonomous vehicles (FAVs) by developing and validating a pedestrian receptivity questionnaire for FAVs (PRQF). The questionnaire included sixteen survey items based on attitude, social norms, trust, compatibility, and system effectiveness. 482 Participants from the United States (273 males and 209 females, age range: 18–71 years) responded to an online survey. A principal component analysis determined three subscales describing pedestrians’ receptivity toward FAVs: safety, interaction, and compatibility. This factor structure was verified by a confirmatory factor analysis and reliability of each subscale was confirmed (0.7 < Cronbach’s alpha < 0.9). Regression analyses investigated associations with scenario-based responses to the three PRQF subscale scores. Pedestrians’ intention to cross the road in front of FAVs was significantly predicted by both safety and interaction scores, but not by the compatibility score. Accepting FAVs in the existing traffic system was predicted by all three subscale scores. Demographic influence on the receptivity revealed that males and younger respondents were more receptive toward FAVs. Similarly, those from urban areas and people with higher personal innovativeness showed higher receptivity. Finally, a significant effect of pedestrian behavior (as measured by the pedestrian behavior questionnaire) on receptivity is explored. People who show positive behavior believed that the addition of FAVs will improve overall traffic safety. Those who show higher violation, lapse and aggression scores, were found to feel more confident about crossing the road in front of a FAV. This questionnaire can be a potential research tool for designing and improving FAVs for road-users outside the vehicles. 相似文献
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Automated driving systems are increasingly widespread in the automotive industry. To operate automobiles that are assisted by such systems, drivers must correctly understand their functionality and limitations. Hence, focusing on the rapidly spreading technology of automated braking, this study seeks to clarify the general public's understanding of automatic braking systems. A total of 210 Japanese people responded to a questionnaire regarding how automatic brakes are operated, how they work, when they disengage, and so on. The proportion of those who misunderstood the operation of the system is not especially high, but there were a certain percentage of people who had misconceptions; e.g., some believed that automatic braking could detect pedestrians or bicycles. Moreover, respondents were under the impression that drivers cannot readily disengage automatic braking systems. If they mistakenly use the automatic brake, there is a possibility of posing a risk to the road transportation system. 相似文献
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为解决现有铁路工程招标中对风险因素分析不全面等问题,采用德尔菲法及因子分析法对铁路工程项目的招标风险因素进行筛选分析:(1)通过文献调研法确定铁路工程招标风险因素;(2)基于德尔菲法设计咨询问卷并进行专家一致性检验,确定铁路工程招标的风险因素;(3)采用因子分析法,将铁路工程项目的招标风险设计为咨询问卷并进行因子重组分析,以验证德尔菲法的可靠性。研究结果表明:铁路工程招标风险因素包括招标人因子、项目因子、投标人因子、政府因子4个方面(共15项招标风险因素);采用因子分析法对已有的铁路工程招标风险因素进行重组,优化了德尔菲法筛选的铁路工程招标风险因素;新方法既遵循了专家意见,又舍弃了"法律"实用性差的指标,使筛选的招标风险因素指标更符合铁路工程项目特性。 相似文献
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THEINVESTIGATIONANDANALYSISOFTHEPSYCOLOGICALDISORDERSOFTHEPUPILS(9~12YEARS OF AGE)OF XI'AN CITY(侯如兰)(周爱兰)(余红霞)(雷静)HouRulan;Zh... 相似文献
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