Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.     

Development of Green-Naghdi models with a wave-absorbing beach for nonlinear, irregular wave propagation

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional Green-Naghdi (GN) models equipped with a numerical wave-absorbing beach have been developed to simulate nonlinear, regular, and irregular wave propagation. The numerical beach is introduced near the downstream boundary to absorb outgoing waves. An appropriate amount of numerical damping and an appropriate length of numerical beach are investigated using numerical experiments. The results show that the GN models with a numerical beach work very well in simulating wave propagation in water in a small computational domain.     

组合式多机组交流传动互馈试验台研制

结合正在建设的组合式多机组交流传动互馈试验台,首先对试验台的基本原理、系统组成及试验功能进行介绍,接着对互馈试验台控制系统和测试系统进行分析和总结。该试验台具有组合方便、控制灵活、通用性强、高效节能等优点,能为高速动车组和机车交流传动系统及其部件的研发和试验提供条件。     

路段动态特征中的交通组成因素研究

基于对交通流建模过程中将车型单一考虑为标准小汽车,忽略了现实交通量中车型的不同构成,本文通过对不同车型的动力特性进行标定,将其特性反映在跟车模型与车道变换模型中,并且利用交通仿真技术,分析了交通量构成对路段行程时间、车速、延误等动态特性指标的影响。     

建构主义学习理论及其倡导的教学模式

本文简要分析了建构主义全新的学习理论以及受其理论影响而形成的教学模式,并结合其基本理论阐述了对大学英语教学的启示。文章认为,教学模式和教学方法的改革离不开现代外语教学理论的指导,建构主义学习理论对传统的教学理论和观念提出了挑战,为大学英语教学模式的转变提供了理论依据。     

设备拥有量模型的研究

通过对设备完好率、设备出勤台数和设备拥有量三者之间的关系进行深入的分析,找出三者之间的单值对应关系,采用线性回归、最优化理论、曲面拟合等数学方法并结合计算机软件建立设备拥有量的计算模型,并对此模型进行更深入的分析,建立其分段模型,从而保证了模型的计算精度,为企业的设备投资提供科学的准确的定量分析依据。     

弹性工作制和动态停车收费组合策略研究

提出弹性工作制与动态停车收费的组合管理策略,探究组合策略下,出行分布的变化机理及动态停车收费费率的制定,以达到缓解通勤拥堵的目的. 构建双层规划模型建立动态停车收费费率的制定与多用户出行选择的相互作用关系,基于灵敏度分析的下降算法求解. 仿真模拟出不同弹性工作制规模时,均衡状态下多用户出行分布模式和优化的动态收费费率. 结果表明,组合策略能促使弹性与非弹性员工错峰出行,有效分散交通流,与单一策略相比,缓解路网拥堵的效果更好.研究成果为交通管理优化策略的制定提供了新思路.     

道路运输车辆达标车型整车主动安全项目测试简析

道路运输车辆达标车型的实施,有效提升了道路运输车辆的安全性能。文章主要从电子稳定性控制系统、车道偏离预警系统、前向碰撞预警系统、自动紧急制动系统四个整车主动安全测试项目对道路运输车辆达标车型相应标准进行介绍,为道路运输车辆达标车型相关从业人员提供了主动安全整车项目试验参考。     

基于进化神经网络的超声回弹综合法火灾后混凝土强度的评定

基于火灾高温后混凝土强度的评定是判断火灾后建筑结构损伤程度、剩余承载力的重要依据,设计了一个进化神经网络模型,用遗传进化算法优化RBF网络的连接权和网络结构,并将其应用于火灾后混凝土抗压强度的评定,给出了混凝土强度测试的实验方法。研究结果表明,所提出的进化神经网络比回归计算方法具有更高的识别精度和较强的实用性。     

列车联运网络建设的重要性

概述了欧洲几个国家列车联运网络的建设情况,指出在提高列车运行速度的同时,应提供优质的联运服务。