任意桥梁截面自由扭转常数计算的快速方法

计算任意截面的自由扭转常数可采用有限元分析方法,位移法有限元计算出的自由扭转常数比理论值偏大且网格剖分尺寸大小明显影响计算速度。本文从弹性理论圣维南自由扭转问题基本假设出发,针对悬臂梁模型采用基于位移的最小势能原理和基于应力的最小余能原理两种方法,推导势能泛函和余能泛函表达式,并求得泛函的极小值从而推导出相应的有限元方程,得到两种计算自由扭转常数公式。根据推导出的有限元方程,采用三角形单元编写程序进行两种截面的计算并与理论值对比。对比结果表明,采用两种方法计算自由扭转常数并取其平均值作为最终结果相较于采用单一位移法计算其精度大幅提高,两种方法互相参考有利于解决计算结果偏大和计算量过大的问题。     

新型明桥面轨枕板式无砟轨道结构参数研究

钢桁梁桥由于其承载性能好和跨越能力较强等优点,在大跨度铁路桥梁中被广泛采用。但大跨度钢桁梁桥具有跨中挠度大、梁端转角大和温度变形敏感等特点,为了减小大跨度钢桁梁桥二期恒载、适应桥梁变形特性,在大跨度钢桁梁桥上采用新型明桥面轨枕板式无砟轨道结构。以南沙港铁路某大跨度钢桁梁桥铺设新型明桥面轨枕板式轨道为背景,采用有限元法建立大跨度钢桁梁桥上轨枕板式无砟轨道结构计算模型,研究了轨枕板结构参数对轨道受力与变形的影响,确定轨道结构的合理尺寸与参数。结果表明:轨枕板的外形尺寸直接影响其受力和变形特征;板下垫层的厚度对垫层的受力特性的影响较大;建议南沙港铁路某大跨度钢桁梁桥上采用具有2组承轨台、宽度为2800 mm的轨枕板,轨枕板厚度为280 mm,板下垫层厚度为120 mm。     

表面选区强化对钢轨波磨处轮轨滚动接触行为的影响

层流等离子体表面强化技术可大幅提高钢轨表面的硬度和耐磨性。为了揭示强化处理对轮轨滚动接触行为的影响,建立同时考虑钢轨表面选区强化和短波波磨的三维轮轨瞬态滚动接触有限元模型,数值计算了车轮高速滚过一个波磨周期的轮轨力、接触斑黏滑分布和残余应力应变。对比发现:表面选区强化对轮轨力和接触斑黏滑分布的影响较小,不影响钢轨承载性能;对钢轨表面残余应力应变分布的影响明显,残余应力主要集中在屈服强度较高的强化斑内而残余应变主要集中在韧性较好的基体材料上,表面选区强化有效结合了强化斑和基体材料的力学性能,形成了一种强韧的良好匹配。结果可为现场生产服务提供一定的理论指导和应用参考。     

考虑高铁客运产品间交叉弹性的动态票价策略

将由特定高铁列车所提供的起讫点间的旅客运输服务定义为单个高铁客运产品。随着高速铁路越来越"公交化",同一起讫点间客运产品间的可替代性越来越强,票价的调整有了更精细化的要求。用经济学中的交叉弹性理论描述客运产品间的可替代程度,用指数需求函数描述客运产品的需求与票价的关系,构建并求解高铁动态票价优化模型,对客运产品间不同可替代程度下的最优动态票价策略进行研究。结果显示:高铁客运产品间的可替代性会影响票价策略的选择,且客运产品间可替代程度的增加是否有利于客票收益的提高与可行折扣票价集合的选取有关。     

A coupled numerical approach to simulate the effect of earthquake frequency content on seismic behavior of submarine tunnel

Roughly 90% of all natural vibrations have epicenters in offshore zones and may cause destruction of submarine and floating structures. Such excitations can influence the safe performance of facilities set up on the seabed, like tunnels, jacket legs and subsea oil pipelines. Some researches on this theme have been carried out to demonstrate the importance of seaquake analyses and their effects have been underlined. The present study intends to numerically simulate a two-dimensional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem in order to examine the dynamic response of submarine tunnel under real horizontal earthquakes. Pressure is considered as independent nodal variables to represent the fluid flow effects and the induced time-dependent acceleration in porous medium equation is incorporated in the analysis and the tunnel shell is considered as flexible. This work highlights the importance of the input ground motion frequency content that governs the development of the induced seismic stress/strain around the lining of the tunnel. The results demonstrate that for deep sea the increment rate of the circumferential stress caused by surface gravity waves is below 7% when compared to the no-wave interface condition. Moreover, it is confirmed that long-period record may amplify the overall response of the system (up to 60%) specially the lateral and vertical displacements, as well as the principal stress to a lesser extent. The developed numerical model can attend to further analysis of tunnels embedded in a half-space in conjunction with fluid undergoing the severe long-period earthquakes.     

粘弹性人工边界在地下结构抗震分析中的应用

地下结构地震反应分析需考虑结构-地基的动力相互作用,其中场地土层的自由场反应分析是确定地震输入的关键问题。以往地下工程实例表明,在结构动力时程计算中,能否有效模拟无限地基边界对结构抗震分析有很大的影响。基于某地下综合体项目进行抗震评估,采用黏弹性人工边界模拟自由场震动响应,克服工程中传统分析里不能模拟场地无限域的缺点。为地下结构的动力时程分析提供可靠数值依据。     

含初始变形船体加筋板有效宽度及剩余极限强度研究

为了评估舰船结构损伤后的剩余强度,对船体加筋板出现初始几何变形后,参与总纵强度的有效宽度和加筋板剩余极限强度进行研究。将加筋板受到垂直于平面压力后的变形,作为其初始几何变形,改变变形的方向和大小,利用有限元软件Ansys对加筋板结构进行线性和非线性分析。定义了板有效宽度计算方法,对不同变形方向和变形幅值时板的有效宽度和加筋板的极限强度进行对比分析,并拟合得到了计算板有效宽度和加筋板极限强度的经验公式。结果表明,初始几何变形会削弱加筋板结构的强度。在对损伤后船体结构强度进行分析和校核时,提出的经验公式可以直接用来计算板的有效宽度和加筋板的极限强度。     

Use of localized necking and fracture as a failure criterion in ship collision analysis

This study explores the use of localized necking for failure modeling in maritime crash analysis, using large shell elements. The assumption that the failure of a large shell element occurs simultaneously with the onset of localized necking is revisited. This study particularly investigates the numerical implementation of the localized necking condition and its implications on the results of ship collision analysis involving not only plate rupture but also various failure mechanisms such as the crushing and tearing of web girders, stringers, and their intersections. Through a series of large-scale collision simulations, the effects of bending deformation on the initiation of necking, non-proportional loading paths, and ductile fractures not preceded by localized necking, are investigated. It is demonstrated that a localized necking-based fracture model provides a reasonable, relatively mesh-insensitive estimate of the onset of fracture in the outer hull panels; however, fracture propagation is very sensitive to the numerical implementation of the necking and fracture model, especially for the cases involving the crushing of web frames and stringers.     

精细时程积分法在液压仿真系统中的应用

为了有效避免液压系统仿真过程中的刚性问题，引人精细时程积分法，相对于以往的计算方法，它不仅使仿真结果精确，且可以较为有效的避免刚性问题，取得了令人满意的效果。