城市轨道交通乘务排班计划方案评价方法

城市轨道交通乘务排班计划是在给定运行图的基础上制定乘务人员的工作计划,其优劣程度对城市轨道交通的运营效率和成本具有显著影响。目前有关乘务排班计划的评价方法方面还缺少深入细致的研究。在借鉴国内外研究成果的基础上,选取相关标准的符合程度、班次间的均衡程度和方案的费用大小这三个方面对城市轨道交通乘务排班计划进行评价,之后采用熵权法确定综合权重来进行综合评价。最后对三个实际方案进行了案例分析,验证了乘务排班计划方案评价方法的可行性。     

广州现代有轨电车综合运营调度系统建设方案研究

基于现代有轨电车自身建设特点,对广州市海珠区环岛新型有轨电车试验段工程运营调度相关弱电系统建设现状进行分析。结合现代有轨电车运营部门对调度系统的实际使用需求,阐述基于现代有轨电车应采用弱电各子系统核心功能相对独立性的集成原则,构建综合运营调度系统平台的集成思路和总体架构研究。提出可对弱电系统的传输网络、硬件设备、软件等方面进行资源整合,并总结综合运营调度系统平台的功能和特点,为广州市后续有轨电车线路建设提供重要的参考,同时也为国内现代城市交通体系的建设提供借鉴。     

地铁柔性接触网线岔检调标准的制定与应用

根据以往运行经验,结合西安地铁2号线的实际情况,从支柱定位、线岔交叉点、始触区、接触线高度、线岔定位拉出值等方面,对柔性接触网线岔的检调标准进行深入研究、分析并加以明确。将所定标准实际应用在西安地铁渭河车辆段接触网的建设中,顺利通过了接触网的冷滑、热滑试验及实际运行的考验。同时,将所定部分标准与国铁普速接触网线岔检调标准进行对比,以供有关接触网生产和技术人员参考。     

柔性桩与土相互作用非线性分析的增量传递矩阵法

对桩侧土采用非线性荷载传递函数,对桩端土采用线性荷载传递函数,同时考虑桩周土所分担的荷载对单桩荷载传递规律的影响,利用增量荷载传递矩阵法及微分方程的近似解法--子域法,推出了刚性承台下柔性桩与地基非线性相互作用的近似解析算式。为了验证该方法的可行性,通过试验将试验结果与有限元结果及该方法所得结果进行了对比,对比表明:该理论解与现场实测值、有限元计算值都非常接近。     

土工格室柔性搭板处治的路桥过渡段差异沉降三维数值分析

应用MARC软件,建立路桥过渡段差异沉降的三维计算模型。基于该模型及不同的地基沉降模式,分别对土工格室加筋体和柔性搭板消化地基沉降、协调和控制桥头差异沉降的作用机理及其对地基沉降的适应性进行了三维数值仿真分析。结果表明:土工格室复合体限制了周围土体的侧向变形,减小了路堤本身的压缩变形;同时,土工格室柔性搭板能有效地阻止上层土体向下沉降,减小路基竖向应力,使得桥台与路堤之间的沉降差在较广的范围内得到平缓过渡。     

环氧沥青混凝土抗疲劳层对柔性基层长寿命沥青混凝土路面结构的影响

开发了一种适用于道路工程的新型环氧沥青, 基于拉伸试验、黏度试验和荧光显微技术评价了其抗拉强度、断裂伸长率、黏度随时间增长规律和微观固化机理; 设计了AC-13C环氧沥青混凝土, 评价了其路用性能和疲劳特性, 分析了普通沥青混凝土、SBS改性沥青混凝土与环氧沥青混凝土作为抗疲劳层材料对柔性基层长寿命沥青混凝土路面结构厚度与疲劳寿命的影响。试验结果表明: 开发的环氧沥青抗拉强度为2.47 MPa, 断裂伸长率为2.65, 满足环氧沥青抗拉强度不小于1.5MPa、断裂伸长率不小于2的技术要求; 环氧沥青黏度增长到1Pa·s的时间为54min, 54min后, 黏度迅速增大, 因此, 施工时环氧沥青混凝土的拌和、运输与摊铺总时间应控制在54min内; 根据环氧沥青混凝土疲劳方程反推出当其疲劳寿命为10亿次时的疲劳应变极限为333με; 相对于普通沥青混凝土和SBS改性沥青混凝土, 环氧沥青混凝土抗疲劳层路面结构的疲劳寿命分别增大了2.92×10⁵、4.39×10³倍, 沥青层厚度分别减小了18、10cm; 环氧沥青的微观固化机理为环氧树脂与固化剂在沥青中逐渐从点到线、由线到网形成交联的三维网状结构。     

Capturing correlation with a mixed recursive logit model for activity-travel scheduling

Representing activity-travel scheduling decisions as path choices in a time–space network is an emerging approach in the literature. In this paper, we model choices of activity, location, timing and transport mode using such an approach and seek to estimate utility parameters of recursive logit models. Relaxing the independence from irrelevant alternatives (IIA) property of the logit model in this setting raises a number of challenges. First, overlap in the network may not fully characterize perceptual correlation between paths, due to their interpretation as activity schedules. Second, the large number of states that are needed to represent all possible locations, times and activity combinations imposes major computational challenges to estimate the model. We combine recent methodological developments to build on previous work by Blom Västberg et al. (2016) and allow to model complex and realistic correlation patterns in this type of network. We use sampled choices sets in order to estimate a mixed recursive logit model in reasonable time for large-scale, dense time-space networks. Importantly, the model retains the advantage of fast predictions without sampling choice sets. In addition to estimation results, we present an extensive empirical analysis which highlights the different substitution patterns when the IIA property is relaxed, and a cross-validation study which confirms improved out-of-sample fit.     

Assessment of spatial transferability of an activity-based model,TASHA

Spatial transferability has been recognized as a useful validation test for travel demand models. To date, however, transferability of activity-based models has not been frequently assessed. This paper assesses the spatial transferability of an activity-based model, TASHA (Travel Activity Scheduler for Household Agents), which has been developed for the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada. TASHA has been transferred to the context of the Island of Montreal, Canada using the 2003 Origin–Destination (O–D) travel survey and the 2001 Canadian Census. It generates daily schedules of activities (individual and joint) for each individual in this region. The modelled activity attributes (frequency, start time, duration and distance) from TASHA and observed attributes from the 2003 O–D travel survey are compared for five different activities (i.e. work, school, shopping, other, and return to home). At the aggregate level, TASHA provides quite reasonable outcomes (in some cases – better results than for the Toronto Area) for all four attributes for work, school and return to home activities with few exceptions (for instance, school start time). The model outcomes are also promising for shopping frequency and start times; however, TASHA provides larger differences for average shopping durations and distances. Only the forecasts for all four attributes for the ‘other’ activity type differ greatly with the observed attributes for the Montreal Island. These large differences most likely indicate the differences in behaviour between the Montreal Island and the Toronto Area. In general, we conclude that re-estimation of model parameters and the use of local activity attribute distributions (frequency, start time and duration) is a desirable step in the transfer of the TASHA model from one context to another.     

《防超劳预警表》的实践与思考

通过对《机车乘务员超劳预警通知书》进行电子化改造和相关功能完善,目标是为了通过可视化的提醒方式,向机务段派班员、机车调度员、计划调度员、列车调度员以及车站值班员等直接涉及运输组织的人员提供机车乘务员劳动时间的相关信息,以便实现对超劳情况的提前发现、提前组织,减少由于信息传递滞后造成的机车乘务员超劳情况。     

CTC条件下铁路客运站股道运用决策支持系统

结合车站自律机、联锁系统、客运站股道运用技术作业及其要求, 设计了基于分散自律控制原则的系统模型、功能与体系结构。运用现代排序理论, 构建了股道运用实时调整可控排序模型和耦合模型, 提出了基于合成分派规则的三步算法与股道运用通用启发式算法, 求解股道运用系列决策问题, 解决铁路行车及调车作业之间的干扰问题, 并开发了CTC条件下铁路客运站股道运用决策支持系统。分析结果表明: 合成分派规则的平均优化解明显优于基本分派规则的平均优化解, 合成分派规则EDD+FIFO获得的解最优; 实时调整时宜直接采用合成分派规则, 尤其是规则EDD+FIFO, 求解耦合问题时应综合考虑各种分派规则。可见, 系统的功能、性能和技术指标均能满足股道运用智能编制和实时调整的现实需求。