Recreational Leasing of Alaska Commercial Halibut Quota: The Early Years of the GAF Program in Alaska

The Pacific Halibut Catch Sharing Plan formalized the process for allocating halibut between the Alaska commercial and recreational charter sectors. It included a new program intended to allow for “flexibility” through inter-sectoral trading, permitting charter operators to lease commercial halibut pounds to relax client harvest restrictions. Here we evaluate the first two years of lease market activity and participation. Participation from some commercial quota holders in the lease market suggests that the program provided beneficial flexibility; in fact, the number of transfers to the charter sector was greater than transfers within the commercial sector for some quota types. We also identified a high proportion of self-leasers. However, transfers to the charter sector were on average smaller than within-sector commercial transfers, and total poundage leased by the charter sector was low compared with commercial transfers. Usage of leased quota by the recreational charter sector enables the harvest of larger fish or additional fish, and provides flexibility in catch composition on halibut closure days. Finally, the value-per-pound may be higher in the charter sector, as commercial-to-charter transfer prices approached the commercial ex-vessel price.     

贝娄小说《雨王汉德森》的个体心理学解读

借助阿德勒的个体心理学理论解读诺贝尔文学奖获得者索尔·贝娄的小说<雨王汉德森>,可以发现小说中的主人公汉德森是一个有着自卑情结的人物,而他的非洲之行是其超越自卑和走向自我完善的精神成长之旅.     

The impact of major road developments on the spheres of urban influence of Japanese cities

This study aims to measure the impact of major road developments on the spheres of urban influence of Japanese cities.First, the sphere of urban influence is defined by application of an individual behavior model. The model explains the number of trips to representative cities in regions from the residential place of each individual using the following factors; the attractiveness of cities, the travel time to cities and the individual's free time. Development of major roads shortens the travel time, and this causes the change in the sphere of urban influence. The model we propose has the structure to explain this phenomenon.Second, this method is applied to all of Japan where expressways are now being rapidly constructed and, how they change spheres of urban influence is explained. In the application, as a measure of attractiveness of cities, population, commercial and industrial activity, etc. are considered. From these points of view, the impacts of construction of expressways in Japan are estimated.     

城市公交中的乘客体验与个体空间占有

立意于对乘客体验的解读,提出＂乘客体验观＂,阐述＂人城和谐＂型的城市公交体系模式,提出个体空间占有概念及衍生公式理论,诠释以乘客体验要素为出发点的城市公交规划和设计思路。     

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首先运用建立在突变理论上的汽车购买热潮分析模型，分析了私人汽车购买量与人均国民收入及交通政策之间的关系，以及在何种条件下才会出现汽车的购买高潮，并以北京市的实际数据为实例做了具体分析.然后用分形方法建立了北京私人汽车拥有量的预测模型，并预测了北京市未来三年的私人汽车拥有量，将最近一年的预测数据与实际数据做了比较，得出可行性.     

LNG燃料船采用趸船加注的定量风险评估

LNG燃料船在内河水域采用趸船加注是一种可行的方式。为有效评估趸船作业中的风险,选定一艘内河LNG加注趸船,对其为一艘1万载重吨运输船加注过程开展了定量风险评估。依据评估流程,依据危险源辨识结果筛选出高危场景,同时依据国际权威数据库对高危场景进行概率分析。采用三维计算流体力学软件FLACS模拟高危场景后果,确定安全距离,并计算各场景的个人风险值。依据国内公认的风险接受准则,画出作业区域个人风险等值曲线并确定作业安全距离,保障趸船LNG加注作业的安全。     

对汽车各大总成及系统个性化设计方法的探讨

从汽车产品设计的多样化(轿车设计、载货车设计、客车设计)出发,为满足汽车市场不同需求,提出汽车各大总成及系统设计个性化设计要求,为汽车各系统和总成的个性化设计提供设计指南。     

苏州市中心区防汛工作若干问题的探讨

苏州城市中心区是苏州政治、经济、商贸中心,由于地处太湖之滨,水网稠密,地势低洼,历史上洪涝灾害频繁,现状防洪排涝标准偏低,与社会经济发展要求不相适应。为适应新时期社会、经济、环境协调发展,保障城市防洪安全,实施苏州市城市中心区防洪大包围工程调整原防洪分片是十分必要和迫切的。     

Safety Evaluation for Freeway Exit Ramp Based on Speed Consistency

Speed differential has direct relationship with road safety. Conventional speed consistency measures draw sample data from independent population that follows a normal distribution. These methods may fall into ecological fallacy and overestimate the safety level of road elements. After deducing the relationship between the difference in operating speed ΔV₈₅ and85(ΔV), the 85^th percentile value of individual speed reduction, this paper recommends 85(ΔV) and speed reduction rate 85(ΔV)R is used to evaluate ramp safety. Point speeds of individual vehicle at freeway diverge area, upper ramp, and lower ramp are collected by radar guns. Safety performance of 37 exit ramps are appraised using three different measures, namely, ΔV₈₅, 85(ΔV), and 85(ΔV)R. The results show that 85(ΔV) is 1.42 to 2.02 times of ΔV₈₅, and that the evaluation result of 85(ΔV)R is between the other two. The measure 85(ΔV)R considers not only individual speed but also the base speed on upstream element, which avoid the pitfalls of ecological fallacy and overestimation possessed by conventional measures. It is a safer and reasonable measure that should be adopted in practice.     

基于灰色关联分析的飞机客制化模型研究

在飞机设备选型时,客户需要对制造商给出的标准规范清单进行选择,以得到符合其个性化需求的设备,文中对该客制化流程进行了研究.根据灰色关联分析法建立模型,评估待选设备与客户定制需求的关联程度,同时将客户的个性化需求用层次分析法定量化表示成评估指标体系的权重差异.灰色关联度是评估待选设备是否纳入购买清单的依据,反映了待选设备对需求的符合程度.最后以A320-200飞机的客舱可选项为例,应用于2家航空公司不同的个性化需求下,得到了2家公司不同的设备购买优先次序和选项清单.比较结果验证了客制化模型的合理性,从而为飞机设备选型提供了客观的依据.