电源频率对三相交流异步牵引电动机影响的探讨

通过对三相异步牵引电动机的特点,结构,参数的分析,结合异步动机用于机车做为牵引动力的特定工况,提出了在同一转差率下,低频区电动机输出转矩下降,机械特性变软的问题,从理论上分析了问题产生的原因,并针对这两个问题提出了作者的看法。     

Uncertain demand,modal competition and optimal price-capacity adjustments in air transportation

A new microeconomic model for the operation of an airline facing modal competition with uncertain total demand is developed to analyze optimal price capacity combinations. The novelty is the treatment of the capacity restriction, which is not viewed as affecting negatively individual preferences (e.g. probability of a full flight), but does influence aggregate utility. A mode choice model is used to represent unrestricted individual preferences assuming full availability (phone call demand); air capacity is treated as a variable that acts on the actual choice set. Restricted choices and total demand stochasticity are integrated in welfare calculations (users' benefits and profits). Numerical examples are given and results are analyzed in terms of load factors fare levels, and sensitivity to the stochasticity of requests.This research was partially funded by FONDECYT, Chile, Direction Génerale de l'Aviation Civile, France, the Andes Foundation and the Fulbright Commission.     

沥青混合料最大理论密度的计算

通过对矿质集料的物理状态及其在混合料中存在方式进行分析,探讨了沥青混合料最大理论密度计算中矿料密度的引用及其影响.     

长江口拦门沙河段航道回淤的波浪动力环境 Ⅱ:洪枯季作用差异*

开展了长江口拦门沙河段波浪对河床作用的洪枯季差异及规律研究,结果表明：1）长江口拦门沙河段波能随周期的分布曲线在洪季表现为“窄峰”特征,波能主要集中在4.0～7.0 s,而洪季表现为“宽峰”或“双峰”特征,波能主要集中在4.0～12.0 s;2）与枯季相比,洪季长周期的高能波发生频率及其波能所占年总波能的比例显著提高,其中波能增加数十倍;3）长江口拦门沙区域的波浪按周期可分为3种类型,即低能波、高能波以及过渡波,其中低能波对拦门沙区域的深水河床基本无作用,高能波对拦门沙区域的深水河床作用非常显著,但过渡波对拦门沙区域的深水河床作用不确定,视波向变化而定。     

基于层次分析法的区间估计的车站能力查定误差因子分析研究

本文归纳总结了车站能力查定计算过程中存在的多种影响因素,深入分析了其产生原因和不可避免性。然后利用层次分析法的区间估计方法计算得出各种误差因子对计算结果的影响权重大小,并对比不同误差因子的权重区间,筛选出强误差因子,剔除弱误差因子,为精确计算车站能力值提供依据。     

不同RAP掺量下就地热再生沥青混合料空隙率优选分析

依托福建省某高速路面预防性养护工程,采用最大理论密度线理论设计了再生沥青混合料级配,通过马歇尔试验研究了RAP料在86%、90%、94%掺量下再生沥青混合料空隙率的变化,并基于二次回归方程建立了不同RAP掺量与再生沥青混合料空隙率之间的回归方程,说明了不同RAP掺量与空隙率之间的变化趋势。研究结果表明:随着RAP料掺量增加,再生沥青混合料空隙率在逐渐降低;当再生沥青混合料空隙率控制在4%时,RAP料掺量约为89%。     

Using GPS-data to determine optimum electric vehicle ranges: A Michigan case study

Fuel-switching personal transportation from gasoline to electricity offers many advantages, including lower noise, zero local air pollution, and petroleum-independence. But alleviations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are more nuanced, due to many factors, including the car’s battery range. We use GPS-based trip data to determine use type-specific, GHG-optimized ranges. The dataset comprises 412 cars and 384,869 individual trips in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. We use previously developed algorithms to determine driver types, such as using the car to commute or not. Calibrating an existing life cycle GHG model to a forecast, low-carbon grid for Ann Arbor, we find that the optimum range varies not only with the drive train architecture (plugin-hybrid versus battery-only) and charging technology (fast versus slow) but also with the driver type. Across the 108 scenarios we investigated, the range that yields lowest GHG varies from 65 km (55+ year old drivers, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid) to 158 km (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only). The optimum GHG reduction that electric cars offer – here conservatively measured versus gasoline-only hybrid cars – is fairly stable, between 29% (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only) and 46% (commuters, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid). The electrification of total distances is between 66% and 86%. However, if cars do not have the optimum range, these metrics drop substantially. We conclude that matching the range to drivers’ typical trip distances, charging technology, and drivetrain is a crucial pre-requisite for electric vehicles to achieve their highest potential to reduce GHG emissions in personal transportation.     

基于粒子群算法的水下多元线阵阵形有源校正方法

针对存在阵元位置误差的水下多元线阵,提出一种基于粒子群优化算法的远场有源阵形校正方法.该方法选用2个辅助源分时工作方式,利用无条件最大似然方位估计算法构建目标函数,并通过粒子群算法对阵元位置进行寻优.利用该方法对均匀线阵进行性能仿真实验.结果表明:该方法稳健性好、校正精度高,具有一定的应用前景.     

基于最大熵谱估计的舰船静电场实时检测方法

舰船静电场是海水中舰船产生的物理场之一,是很难被隐身的目标特征信号.以往对静电场的检测方法都是基于信号的时域特征,低信噪比情况下,检测效果差.通过对舰船静电场的频域特征分析发现,其能量主要集中在低频段,利用这个特点,提出了一种基于最大熵谱估计(MESE)的舰船静电场实时检测的方法.首先对舰船静电场信号进行最大熵谱估计,然后提取低频段功率谱值作为特征量,通过设定的浮动阈值进行分段功率谱滑动检测,用实船数据对该方法进行了验证,取得了较好的效果.     

背压对等径角挤压坯料变形的影响

采用有限元方法研究了背压对1100Al等径角挤压的影响．分析了坯料的变形、等效应变分布、最大主应力及变形载荷的变化．模拟结果表明,通过在出口通道施加背压,提高了坯料充填模具外侧拐角的能力,使得坯料横截面上等效应变分布更加均匀;坯料在变形过程中的最大主应力降低;但变形载荷随背压的增加不断增加．分析得出,施加适当的背压有助于提高坯料的变形均匀性,降低坯料表面的开裂倾向．