Multiphysic modelling of railway vehicles equipped with pneumatic suspensions

This article presents a multidisciplinary approach of railway pneumatic suspension modelling: both multibody and pneumatic aspects are taken into account. The work aims at obtaining a realistic model of the secondary suspension and coupling it with a multibody model of a train. Various components of the pneumatic circuit such as bellows, tanks, pipes and valves are taken into account. The article focuses on the bellow-pipe-tank subsystem for which several modelling approaches are presented and compared. Differences between differential and algebraic models are highlighted, and an application-dependent choice between them is suggested. A complete model of the pneumatic circuit is then obtained and coupled with a multibody model of the train. As a result, the behaviour of a suburban train equipped with a pneumatic secondary suspension is analysed, in particular undesired oscillating motions which affect the comfort. Topological modifications and improvements of the suspension are also investigated and discussed.     

低压进线开关运动复位问题的思考

以北京地铁13号线工程为例,阐述低压进线开关远动复位的目的和具体实现方法。     

天津地铁机电设备系统维修策略

地铁作为城市轨道交通的重要组成,一旦投入运营,就必须保证设备安全运行。此文以天津地铁的日常运营为基础,重点讨论地铁系统如何通过科学、高效的设备管理,实现设备维修的经济性,确保设备在生命周期内实现最高的利用率,保持最经济的维修成本水平,从而有效延长设备使用寿命,发挥最大的设备功效。此文从机电设备系统维修管理模式、维修及备件策略以及全生命周期设备管理等几个方面解决上述问题,以期为业内同行提供参考。     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

电源频率对三相交流异步牵引电动机影响的探讨

通过对三相异步牵引电动机的特点,结构,参数的分析,结合异步动机用于机车做为牵引动力的特定工况,提出了在同一转差率下,低频区电动机输出转矩下降,机械特性变软的问题,从理论上分析了问题产生的原因,并针对这两个问题提出了作者的看法。     

地铁站环控系统控制方案的节能对比研究

为明确常见的地铁车站环控系统控制方案的用能表现和节能潜力,为地铁车站节能降碳提供参考和指导,以北京、上海和广州分别作为寒冷、夏热冬冷和夏热冬暖地区的代表性城市,在 TRNSYS 软件中搭建屏蔽门地铁站模型,探究增设自控系统和优化时刻表控制这 2 种优化方案相比于当前常规的时刻表控制方案在站内环境控制、节能潜力、改造成本方面的表现。结果显示,采用 2 种优化方案均可有效提高站内空调控制温度,实现类似的站内温度控制效果。用能方面,相比于当前的时刻表控制方案,增设自控系统可为各气候区地铁站环控系统降低41%～49%的年能耗,优化时刻表控制方案可降低 38%～48%的年能耗。改造成本方面,优化时刻表控制方案仅需要提高管理水平,无需增加设备和系统,而增设自控系统方案的设备成本和后期运维管理成本较高。因此,综合考虑站内环境控制效果、能耗情况和改造成本,建议地铁站采用优化时刻表控制方案进行节能运行优化,以实现节能目标。     

钢管混凝土拱桥力学特性试验研究

武汉江汉三桥、江汉五桥和南宁永和桥均为钢管混凝土拱桥。通过3座实桥的计算分析与静、动载试验,对钢管混凝土拱桥的力学特性做了研究。结果表明:目前钢管混凝土拱桥所用设计理论和方法可靠,施工方法可行且质量优良。     

Wear simulation for the centre plate arrangement of a freight car

The bodies of many railway freight cars in many countries of the world are coupled to the running gear by means of a body centre plate that makes a friction pair with a centre bowl. During motion, the bogie is rotated and moved with respect to the car body. This leads to wear on the contact surfaces. Lubrication is inexpedient in this case because the friction forces damp the vibrations (so-called bogie hunting) during motion. Usually, centre plates exhibit noticeable wear after two years of operation. Reducing wear requires knowing details of the wear process which, in turn, requires computer simulation of freight car motion for an operation period of 10–15 years. The purpose of this paper is to develop a universal method for wear simulation of friction pairs that could be used, in particular, for the centre plate of a freight car.     

Inventory,Classification, and Analysis of Special Management Areas Associated with U.S. Coastal Programs

Area-based management approaches may be beneficial in integrating sectoral, single-purpose laws and regulations; however, these benefits may not be attained if special area designations are equally sectoral or single-purpose in nature. Over 60 types of special management areas were documented under U.S. coastal programs, and a new classification scheme was developed to allow comparisons and analyses across programs. Results indicate that requirements and incentives for special area designations under the Coastal Zone Management Act did little to standardize or influence area-based management systems associated with state and territory coastal programs. Further, the absence of clear patterns within and between coastal programs with respect to special area policies suggests a limited commitment to this important aspect of coastal management. Continued research is needed to document the effectiveness of the various area-based management approaches presented in this article.