Influence of some vehicle and track parameters on the environmental vibrations induced by railway traffic

A study is performed on the influence of some typical railway vehicle and track parameters on the level of ground vibrations induced in the neighbourhood. The results are obtained from a previously validated simulation framework considering in a first step the vehicle/track subsystem and, in a second step, the response of the soil to the forces resulting from the first analysis. The vehicle is reduced to a simple vertical 3-dof model, corresponding to the superposition of the wheelset, the bogie and the car body. The rail is modelled as a succession of beam elements elastically supported by the sleepers, lying themselves on a flexible foundation representing the ballast and the subgrade. The connection between the wheels and the rails is realised through a non-linear Hertzian contact. The soil motion is obtained from a finite/infinite element model. The investigated vehicle parameters are its type (urban, high speed, freight, etc.) and its speed. For the track, the rail flexural stiffness, the railpad stiffness, the spacing between sleepers and the rail and sleeper masses are considered. In all cases, the parameter value range is defined from a bibliographic browsing. At the end, the paper proposes a table summarising the influence of each studied parameter on three indicators: the vehicle acceleration, the rail velocity and the soil velocity. It namely turns out that the vehicle has a serious influence on the vibration level and should be considered in prediction models.     

Investigating the influence of soil properties on railway traffic vibration using a numerical model

This paper presents the influence of dynamic and geometrical soil parameters on the propagation of ground vibrations induced by external loads. The proposed approach is based on a three-dimensional model, focusing on realistic excitation sources like impulse loads and moving railway vehicles. For the latter, a complete vehicle/track model is developed. The simulation is performed in time domain, offering an interesting approach, compared with classic cyclic analyses. The ground is modelled initially as an elastic homogeneous half-space and additionally as a layered half-space. First, the effect of homogeneous soil properties on ground vibration is analysed. Soil stratification is then taken into account, using various configurations. Analysis reveals that as receiver distance increases ground wave reflection in a layered ground plays an important role in the reduction of ground surface motion. This effect is magnified when the phase velocity wavelength becomes large compared with the depth of the surface layer.     

基于光流法的舰船运动要素测定原理研究

对基于光流法的舰船运动要素测定原理进行了研究，主要包括光流法测定舰船运动要素的思想、光流场解算、三维运动参数解算和舰船运动要素解算。该方法的提出，提高了运动要素测定的自主性，而且满足新型全封闭舰船的测定要求。     

基于有限元技术的构件疲劳寿命计算

以转8A型转向架侧架为例,介绍了有限元技术应用于构件疲劳寿命分析的过程。按照"准静态"方法将有限元分析得到的静态应力与实测的载荷时间历程相结合得到模型上各点应力时间历程,结合ZG230 450材料的S N关系进行了结构整体的疲劳寿命计算。有限元分析软件是I DEAS,疲劳寿命分析软件是FE FATIGUE。     

防止电力机车进入无电单元(区)的安全预警方法

针对目前计划内接触网停电时电力机车进入无电单元(区)的问题,提出了基于动态停电作业区域数据对比库语音、屏幕鼠标点击坐标和高清成像分析进行"三元素二阶段"处理对比方法,以减少人员操作失误和损失.机车/车次信息及对应机车属性先由操作人员办理接发列预告(办理闭塞)的语音识别获取,再通过TDCS/CTC终端机非上位机获取并核对...     

当代大型豪华邮轮功能与空间美学趋势研究

  目的  针对中国邮轮创意设计能力不足、承载欧美生活方式的艺术设计风格无法满足中国人审美需求的问题,开展融入中国元素的本土邮轮设计实践。  方法  首先,在分析中国游客消费特征和行为偏好的基础上,提出客舱选择、饮食方式、娱乐活动和购物消费等个性化的设计目标,完成邮轮功能设置分析和客舱空间设计;然后,将“鲲”形象作为中国文化创意理念来源,从整体轮廓、侧立面、艏艉部、烟囱、涂装和灯光设计等邮轮外形特征元素方面,进行功能舱室区划与外形匹配设计。  结果  从用户行为、文化创意、艺术风格等方面进行邮轮功能空间和外形设计探索,提出了概念设计方案。  结论  所做研究对于提升中国邮轮自主创新和美学设计水平具参考和指导意义。     

牵引网馈线自适应保护原理及配置方案研究

首先讨论了影响牵引网馈线保护原理及配置的因素,然后分析了牵引网馈线自适应保护的原理,其中重点探讨对距离保护传统阻抗多边形进行改进的可行性,并利用现场运行数据进行了仿真验证,最后提出了牵引网馈线自适应保护的配置方案．     

沥青路面粘弹性有限元模拟方法

基于蠕变试验,测定沥青混合料的蠕变曲线,通过数学方法求得松弛模量曲线,并通过非线性拟合方法求得有限元软件ABAQUS中用于描述沥青混合料粘弹性性质的prony级数,通过对路面模型进行摄动分析,结合粘弹性材料时温等效性质,建立路面有限元动态分析模型,从而为研究移动荷载与温度荷载作用下,沥青混凝土路面的粘弹性力学响应分析提供了方法和基础。     

基于小滚轮高频激励的高速列车齿轮箱箱体振动试验

为探究高速列车齿轮箱箱体振动特性和疲劳损伤, 应用小滚轮高频激励台架试验, 将滚轮表面加工成径跳量幅值为0.05 mm的13阶多边形, 可等效成20阶车轮多边形, 研究了某型齿轮箱箱体在不同垂向载荷与速度工况下的振动特性; 通过雨流计数法及Miner线性损伤法则, 分析了齿轮箱箱体单位时间应力累计损伤。研究结果表明: 受齿轮箱箱体共振影响, 不同垂向载荷与速度工况下, 高速列车运行速度为200 km·h^-1时, 齿轮箱箱体各测点的垂、横向加速度均方根值均为最小; 当垂向载荷为23 t时, 大部分测点的垂、横向加速度均方根值均为最大; 齿轮箱箱体存在573 Hz的局部固有频率被激发共振, 其原因是试验速度为100 km·h^-1时试验台发生共振, 以及试验速度为300 km·h^-1时, 受到20阶多边形车轮转频约580 Hz的主频激扰; 车轮初始速度从0加速到200 km·h^-1及从300 km·h^-1减速至0的速度等级之间时, 齿轮箱箱体各测点的单位时间应力累计损伤波动较大, 其余速度等级段各测点的单位时间应力累计损伤波动很小; 单位时间应力损伤最大值出现在大齿轮箱齿面观察孔, 为3.72×10^-10, 损伤最小值位于小齿轮箱轴承正上方, 仅为8.29×10^-18。可见, 箱体共振、试验台减速运行、速度等级对齿轮箱箱体振动加速度影响较大; 非共振、试验台不减速运行、相同速度等级下, 垂向载荷对单位时间应力累计损伤影响甚微。     

一种新的任意四边形窗口线裁剪算法

线裁剪技术在计算机图形处理中占有重要地位,是计算机图形学中许多重要问题的基础,关于线段的二维裁剪有许多成熟的算法.在分析已有的二维裁剪缺点的基础上,提出了一个新算法.该算法通过将凹四边形区域转为凸四边形区域,并将该区域分为四个区,对线段进行裁剪,实验结果表明该裁剪方法高效、准确.