Estimation of value of travel time reliability

In mode choice decision, travelers consider not only travel time but also reliability of its modes. In this paper, reliability was expressed in terms of standard deviation and maximum delay that were measured based on triangular distribution. In order to estimate value of time and value of reliability, the Multinomial and Nested Logit models were used. The analysis results revealed that reliability is an important factor affecting mode choice decisions. Elasticity is used to estimate the impacts of the different policies and system improvements for water transportation mode. Among these policies, decision maker can assess and select the best alternative by doing the benefit and cost analysis based on a new market share, the value of time, and the value of reliability. Finally, a set of promising policies and system improvement of the water transportation were proposed.     

成都轨道交通环线客流特征分析及运营模式研究

针对轨道交通环线大多采用的"鱼刺图"客流断面表达形式及内外环对称开行的运营模式存在的问题,通过运用国内首创的环形客流断面图对环线客流特征进行直观表达,在此基础上对其运营组织模式进行研究并提出不同的运营模式供灵活选择,以期对后续其他城市环线的设计提供参考。研究结论:(1)环线有别于放射性线路具有明显的客流特征差异,运用环形客流断面图方式,可读性和直观性更强。(2)根据环线的不同客流特征提出内外环对称、内外环不对称、大小交路、单向收发车4种运营模式。4种运营模式各有自身的适应性,在具体项目应用时应结合实际线路沿线站点情况及客流特征进行进一步研究比选。     

基于三维坐标测量轨道几何形位的计算模型

为改进基于CPⅢ轨道控制网测量技术的地铁无砟轨道几何形位精调的测量精度与效率,提出一种基于三维坐标测量轨道几何形位的方法。通过对轨道几何形位检测点进行三维坐标测量,以轨道控制网CPⅢ点作为测量基准点,采用轨道几何形位与检测点的三维解析几何关系,建立三维坐标测量轨道几何形位的计算模型。现场无砟轨道试验段的测试结果表明,三维坐标测量可有效对轨道几何形位进行测量,测量精度满足规范要求的无砟轨道几何形位测量精度指标。     

基于因子分析与AHP的高速列车乘坐舒适度评价模型与实证分析

针对目前舒适度研究偏重于列车运行物理指标层面的现状,结合人机工程学、环境与行为心理学等相关理论,提出了综合满足旅客乘坐需求、生理感受与心理感受的高速列车广义舒适度的概念。在对北京至四方的铁路线运行的CRH2型动车组745位旅客进行问卷调查的基础上,通过因子分析对指标进行降维,利用AHP构建乘坐舒适度评价模型,得出舒适度影响因素的权重,并提出改进建议:1.细化列车振动、噪声与照明舒适度评价指标;2.优化座椅休息、就餐、娱乐等功能设计;3.进一步调控车厢温度、湿度与空气质量。该模型的建立为我国高速列车乘坐舒适度研究提供了理论依据。     

引水洞圆弧形底拱施工技术研究

在引水洞弧形底拱施工中,气泡、水泡的质量通病一直没有得到很好解决。为确保混凝土内在质量及外观质量,通过几种现行的施工方案分析,研制出横向滑模施工装置,总结出横向滑模施工工艺,成功地解决了施工的难题,为类似工程提供借鉴实例。     

Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

Uncertain demand,modal competition and optimal price-capacity adjustments in air transportation

A new microeconomic model for the operation of an airline facing modal competition with uncertain total demand is developed to analyze optimal price capacity combinations. The novelty is the treatment of the capacity restriction, which is not viewed as affecting negatively individual preferences (e.g. probability of a full flight), but does influence aggregate utility. A mode choice model is used to represent unrestricted individual preferences assuming full availability (phone call demand); air capacity is treated as a variable that acts on the actual choice set. Restricted choices and total demand stochasticity are integrated in welfare calculations (users' benefits and profits). Numerical examples are given and results are analyzed in terms of load factors fare levels, and sensitivity to the stochasticity of requests.This research was partially funded by FONDECYT, Chile, Direction Génerale de l'Aviation Civile, France, the Andes Foundation and the Fulbright Commission.     

振动压路机起振过程分析

运用机械系统虚拟样机软件ADAMS建立了振动压路机激振器的虚拟样机，并利用其进行了振动压路机起振过程的仿真研究，分析了液压系统压力对启动过程中档销受力及对动偏心块和固定偏心块运动学参数的影响。     

工程车辆FOPS冲击试验中落锤塑性变形研究

为了对工程车辆的落物保护装置(FOPS)进行可靠性试验提供理论依据,采用冲击动力学的塑性波两侧的动量平衡理论对工程车辆FOPS受冲击时落锤的动态响应进行了研究,建立了锤头变形的基本方程,绘制了方程相应曲线;建立了锤头在冲击过程中任一瞬时变形长度和非变形长度的数学模型,找到了工程应变和冲击速度之间的曲线对于塑性大变形的突变点及影响落锤变形的各个因素和控制变形的依据。为减小落锤的蘑菇形尺寸,降低锤头的材料成本,多次重复使用落锤,进行合理的落锤结构设计指明了方向。