城市快速轨道交通空气动力学相关问题探讨

随着城市轨道交通的快速发展,其设定的最高速度目标值突破了现行地铁相关规范最高速度的适用范围,许多在低速时可以忽略的空气动力学现象在快速时就变得不容忽视.结合目前的隧道阻塞比,给出城市快速轨道交通所出现的由空气动力学效应引起的相关现象,并结合地铁自身特点进行定性分析,提出相应的减缓措施,以期对进一步的研究提供参考方向,对...     

基于一卡通应用的CPU卡安全性分析

通过对密钥管理、存储结构、数据控制、交易流程等方面分析,对比非接触式CPU卡和逻辑加密卡(M1)的技术特点,分析了CPU卡在城市一卡通应用方面较M1卡安全的技术优势,对CPU卡的规划、开发、使用有一定的借鉴作用。     

Validating and improving public transport origin–destination estimation algorithm using smart card fare data

Smart card data are increasingly used for transit network planning, passengers’ behaviour analysis and network demand forecasting. Public transport origin–destination (O–D) estimation is a significant product of processing smart card data. In recent years, various O–D estimation methods using the trip-chaining approach have attracted much attention from both researchers and practitioners. However, the validity of these estimation methods has not been extensively investigated. This is mainly because these datasets usually lack data about passengers’ alighting, as passengers are often required to tap their smart cards only when boarding a public transport service. Thus, this paper has two main objectives. First, the paper reports on the implementation and validation of the existing O–D estimation method using the unique smart card dataset of the South-East Queensland public transport network which includes data on both boarding stops and alighting stops. Second, the paper improves the O–D estimation algorithm and empirically examines these improvements, relying on this unique dataset. The evaluation of the last destination assumption of the trip-chaining method shows a significant negative impact on the matching results of the differences between actual boarding/alighting times and the public transport schedules. The proposed changes to the algorithm improve the average distance between the actual and estimated alighting stops, as this distance is reduced from 806 m using the original algorithm to 530 m after applying the suggested improvements.     

基于名义应力法的疲劳卡片构建方法研究

基于有限元的疲劳寿命预测可应用于各行业,疲劳寿命预测精度的提高,离不开有效的材料疲劳卡片,疲劳卡片反映了载荷水平与疲劳寿命的关系。通过设计合理的材料试样的疲劳试验,结合试验与有限元计算,计算不同损伤参量创建应用于疲劳寿命分析的材料疲劳卡片,同时对疲劳卡片的仿真精度进行了验证。结果表明,基于名义应力法构建的疲劳卡片具备较高的预测精度,结合材料试验数据与仿真结果构建的多应力比S-N疲劳卡片,可用于其他适用于应力疲劳分析的零部件疲劳寿命分析,为提高零部件疲劳寿命预测精度提供新的技术途径,为零件的前期结构设计提供参考,可在不同领域进行推广并开展进一步分析研究。     

The planning and analysis of a new group rapid transit system: the SkyCabs monobeam system in Auckland

This paper examines a case study of the SkyCabs system as a way to alleviate some of the traffic problems of Auckland, New Zealand. SkyCabs is an elevated two-way monobeam carrying light eight-seater cabs on tracks on each side of the beam, available on demand, providing fast, pollution-free, unimpeded travel above the footpath with panoramic views of the city. The aim of this study is to investigate the attractiveness of implementing the SkyCabs system to and from Auckland central business district (CBD) and Auckland international airport by examining four variables: different routes, different number of stops/stations, different passenger demand levels, and different number of cabs in the system. The analysis utilizes geographical information system and simulation tools for the various scenarios considered. The results show that it is possible to assess the cost–benefit of alternative routes in terms of those four variables and rate of return on investment.     

Cost-effectiveness of reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from High-Speed Rail and urban transportation projects in California

A rising trend in state and federal transportation finance is to invest capital dollars into projects which reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, a key metric for comparing projects, the cost-effectiveness of GHG emissions reductions, is highly dependent on the cost-benefit methodology employed in the analysis. Our analysis comparing California High-Speed Rail and three urban transportation projects shows how four different accounting framings bring wide variations in cost per metric tonne of GHG emissions reduced. In our analysis, life-cycle GHG emissions are joined with full cost accounting to better understand the benefits of cap-and-trade investments. Considering only public subsidy for capital, none of the projects appear to be a cost-effective means to reduce GHG emissions (i.e., relative to the current price of GHG emissions in California’s cap-and-trade program at $12.21 per tonne). However, after adjusting for the change in private costs users incur when switching from the counterfactual mode (automobile or aircraft) to the mode enabled by the project, all investments appear to reduce GHG emissions at a net savings to the public. Policy and decision-makers who consider only the capital cost of new transportation projects can be expected to incorrectly assess alternatives and indirect benefits (i.e., how travelers adapt to the new mass transit alternative) should be included in decision-making processes.     

个人快速交通技术发展现状与应用展望

个人快速交通将进入商业化运营.对个人快速交通的发展历程、类型与技术经济特征进行了较为系统的论述.依据其目前实施情况,给出了可能的应用方向.个人快速交通较适合在下列场合使用:特定场所(如机场、高档开发区等),都市繁华区域短距离联系,市郊有较高活力的区域.为我国城市交通选型提供借鉴.     

快速道路公交和城市轨道交通关键参数比较及相关问题探讨

对快速道路公交和城市轨道交通系统的规划和建设时间、基建费用和运营成本、票费收支比、补贴和投融资、载客量、速度和灵活性、能源消耗等关键参数进行了分析比较.指出快速道路公交在费用、灵活性和建设周期上具有较大优势,轨道交通系统在载客能力、环境景观和服务水平上更有优势,还可以充分利用地下空间.在层次分析法框架下讨论了发展快速公共交通的决策准则.提出了快速道路公交和轨道交通的两种组合模式:快速道路公交作为轨道交通的补充和延伸,提高公共交通的覆盖率和服务水平;快速道路公交作为轨道交通发展的过渡阶段,先发展快速道路公交,培育客流,待轨道交通建成后再将快速道路公交路权返还给社会车辆.     

交通出行统一帐号的电子支付MaaS运营探索

交通出行已经定位为民生实事,要求2019年全国260个地级以上城市交通出行城际无障碍互联互通,同时交通出行在不断创新的服务推动下已经悄然升级到MaaS一体化智慧出行新时代,电子支付已经成为交通出行MaaS服务的强力推手,必须对各类电子支付实现集约化运营。提出了基于统一帐号的金融级安全+电信级通信能力的交通出行聚合支付体系架构,基于该体系架构交通运营机构可利用自身优势资源,向用户提供多种账户,多种接入方式的出行全业务聚合支付服务,在完成交通运输部城市交通出行互联互通的同时构建了基于资金信息流的出行“数据链”,向云计算和大数据的智慧服务和运营体系推进。