长大隧道贯通误差估算方法

结合大伙房水库输水工程长大隧道,介绍施工测量控制系统的设计思路及其误差所引起的横向、纵向、竖向贯通误差的估算方法,精度预计结果说明本设计方案能满足横向、纵向、竖向贯通误差控制的要求。     

Monitoring Human Activity in an Area Dedicated to the Protection of the Endangered Mediterranean Monk Seal

Mediterranean monk seal populations have declined dramatically and survive in subpopulations scattered throughout their original distribution. The National Marine Park of Alonnisos, Northern Sporades is the first marine protected Area dedicated to the protection of the species in the Mediterranean. A Monitoring and Awareness Project has been carried out in the area from 1993 to 2000, the results of which have produced a detailed profile of the human usage pattern of the Park and indicated a significant reduction of illegal activities in the area. The pattern of human usage has enabled the monitoring team to adjust their efforts in the Park over time and provided essential baseline data for future management. The combined monitoring and awareness efforts have contributed significantly to the conservation of the Mediterranean monk seal by successfully protecting pupping sites and reducing human-induced mortality of the species in the area.     

Optimal selection of suspension parameters in large scale vehicle models

Optimum values are selected for the suspension damping and stiffness parameters of complex car models, subjected to road excitation, by applying suitable numerical methodologies. These models result from a detailed finite-element discretisation and possess a relatively large number of degrees of freedom. They also involve strongly nonlinear characteristics, due mostly to large rigid body rotation of some of their components and the properties of the connection elements. First, attention is focused on gaining some insight into the dynamics of the mechanical models examined, resulting when the vehicle passes over roads involving typical geometric profiles. Then, the emphasis is shifted to presenting results obtained by applying appropriate optimisation methodologies. For this purpose, three classes of design criteria are first set up, referring to passenger ride comfort, suspension travel and car road holding and yielding the most important suspension stiffness and damping parameters. Originally, the optimisation is performed by forming a composite cost function and employing a single-objective optimisation method. Since the design criteria are conflicting, a multi-objective optimisation methodology is also set up and applied subsequently.     

急弯浅卵石滩航道整治技术研究

以坝油滩航道成功整治为例,论述了该浅滩河床演变特点、整治参数确定、整治原则及措施,卵石推移质动床模型设计及选沙,简要介绍了通过模型试验所获得的良好整治效果。     

三峡船闸(139m水位)一闸室船舶待闸研究

通过优化三峡船闸输水阀门运行参数,满足了船舶在一闸室待闸的停泊条件;组织代表船型进行实船试验,形成了连续调度快速安全的调度工艺,取得了在139m水位条件下,三峡船闸下行通航效率提高15%的效果。     

地铁列车组动车配置对其性能的影响

详细介绍了地铁列车组中动车所占比例不同对列车组牵引性能、常用电制动性能、轮轨间黏着系数和平均旅行速度的影响;67%动车编组和50%动车编组的轮轨间黏着系数利用相当,全动车编组和67%动车编组的最大起动加速度、最大常用电制动减速度、平均旅行速度相当;从平均旅行速度方面来考虑,最高运行速度在100km/h以下时,50%动车编组是一种比较经济合算的编组。     

基于网格量化和区间均值的动态目标识别

动态目标识别中，当摄像机和目标之间相对距离变化时，对于同一目标的多尺度序列图像。虽然目标区域图像大小和清晰度不同，但整体结构分布具有相似性和一致性。根据这一特点，提出基于目标区域网格量化的方法。在目标区域上形成采样网格，通过相对量化提取结构特征矩阵。对于同一目标序列图像中的每一个目标区域，其结构特征矩阵基本不变。结构特征矩阵反映象素分布的自相关性质。进一步，对由干扰引起的灰度值结构分布误差，采用网格区间均值的方法加以解决。目标区域网格量化是对相邻采样点的差值进行量化匹配。区间均值是对少数相邻采样点的进一步匹配。实例表明，本文的方法运算速度快、可靠性高，达到了实用目的。     

关于我国城市轨道交通规划与规模的反思

以亲身经历回顾我国城市轨道交通建设40年的坎坷发展历程,通过实例总结有关规划与规模方面的经验和教训,并对今后城轨交通事业的良性发展提出建议。     

铁路隧道污水处理站规模研究

为解决铁路隧道在施工期污水排放对环境敏感区环境的影响,必须设置隧道污水处理站。通过现场调研多个项目实际发生的隧道污水处理站建设情况,分析研究后提出如下结论： 1）铁路隧道在施工期可实现清水、污水分流以达到减少污水排放量、控制隧道污水处理站建设规模的目的。2）在考虑隧道施工期生产污水、清水分流的工程措施和隧道衬砌、注浆堵水等工程措施对涌水的削减作用的基础上,区分不同地质情况分段确定洞身单位长度正常涌水量乘以施工未衬砌段长度及涌水变化系数的积来确定隧道污水处理站的污水处理规模。3）与隧道污水处理站设计思路配套,建议在现行概（预）算编制办法规定计费范围的基础上,将清水、污水分流的工程措施费用,污水处理站设备的安拆及摊销费用,污水处理站的运营及维护费用纳入概算。     

Robust weekly aircraft maintenance routing problem and the extension to the tail assignment problem

In this paper, we study two closely related airline planning problems: the robust weekly aircraft maintenance routing problem (RWAMRP) and the tail assignment problem (TAP). In real life operations, the RWAMRP solution is used in tactical planning whereas the TAP solution is implemented in operational planning. The main objective of these two problems is to minimize the total expected propagated delay (EPD) of the aircraft routes. To formulate the RWAMRP, we propose a novel weekly line-of-flights (LOF) network model that can handle complex and nonlinear cost functions of EPD. Because the number of LOFs grows exponentially with the number of flights to be scheduled, we propose a two-stage column generation approach to efficiently solve large-scale real-life RWAMRPs. Because the EPD of an LOF is highly nonlinear and can be very time-consuming to accurately compute, we propose three lower bounds on the EPD to solve the pricing subproblem of the column generation. Our approach is tested on eight real-life test instances. The computational results show that the proposed approach provides very tight LP relaxation (within 0.6% of optimal solutions) and solves the test case with more than 6000 flights per week in less than three hours. We also investigate the solutions obtained by our approach over 500 simulated realizations. The simulation results demonstrate that, in all eight test instances, our solutions result in less EPDs than those obtained from traditional methods. We then extend our model and solution approach to solve realistically simulated TAP instances.