克隆选择算法在一类有竞争的物流配送中心选址问题中的应用

根据有竞争的物流配送中心选址问题的特点,以新增物流配送中心获取最大的市场占有量为目标函数,建立了有竞争的物流配送中心选址问题的数学模型。由于建立的数学模型是一个高维、非线性、非凸性,并具有多个局部极值点的复杂函数优化问题,传统确定性优化算法很难求解得到问题的最优解或满意解。为此,提出将一种新型的启发式进化算法——克隆选择算法用于求解建立的数学模型,并详细描述了应用克隆选择算法求解数学模型的方法和步骤。仿真试验表明,克隆选择算法求解有竞争的物流配送中心选址问题是可行而有效的,并且具有收敛速度快、全局搜索能力强和稳定性好的优点。     

Uncertain demand,modal competition and optimal price-capacity adjustments in air transportation

A new microeconomic model for the operation of an airline facing modal competition with uncertain total demand is developed to analyze optimal price capacity combinations. The novelty is the treatment of the capacity restriction, which is not viewed as affecting negatively individual preferences (e.g. probability of a full flight), but does influence aggregate utility. A mode choice model is used to represent unrestricted individual preferences assuming full availability (phone call demand); air capacity is treated as a variable that acts on the actual choice set. Restricted choices and total demand stochasticity are integrated in welfare calculations (users' benefits and profits). Numerical examples are given and results are analyzed in terms of load factors fare levels, and sensitivity to the stochasticity of requests.This research was partially funded by FONDECYT, Chile, Direction Génerale de l'Aviation Civile, France, the Andes Foundation and the Fulbright Commission.     

Incorporating Driver Behaviors in Network Design Problems: Challenges and Opportunities

The goal of a network design problem (NDP) is to make optimal decisions to achieve a certain objective such as minimizing total travel time or maximizing tolls collected in the network. A critical component to NDP is how travelers make their route choices. Researchers in transportation have adopted human decision theories to describe more accurate route choice behaviors. In this paper, we review the NDP with various route choice models: the random utility model (RUM), random regret-minimization (RRM) model, bounded rationality (BR), cumulative prospect theory (CPT), the fuzzy logic model (FLM) and dynamic learning models. Moreover, we identify challenges in applying behavioral route choice models to NDP and opportunities for future research.     

The Impact of Travel Time Information on Travelers’ Learning under Uncertainty

In this work, laboratory experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of feedback on decision-making under uncertainty, with and without provided information about travel times. We discuss the prediction of travelers’ response to uncertainty in two route–choice situations. In the first situation travelers are faced with a route–choice problem in which travel times are uncertain but some external information about routes’ travel times is provided. The second situation takes place in a more uncertain environment in which external information about travel times is not provided, and the travelers’ only source of information is their own experience. Experimental results are in conflict with the paradigm about traveler information systems: As a consequence of information, the propensity of travelers to minimize expected travel time is not necessarily increased. Providing travelers with static information about expected travel times reveals an increase in the heterogeneity of travelers’ choices and reduces the maximization rate.     

A mixed logit model for predicting exit choice during building evacuations

Knowledge on human behaviour in emergency is crucial to increase the safety of buildings and transportation systems. Decision making during evacuations implies different choices, of which one of the most important concerns is the escape route. The choice of a route may involve local decisions on alternative exits from an enclosed environment. This study investigates the effect of environmental (presence of smoke, emergency lighting and distance of exit) and social factors (interaction with evacuees close to the exits and with those near the decision-maker) on local exit choice. This goal is pursued using an online stated preference survey carried out making use of non-immersive virtual reality. A sample of 1503 participants is obtained and a mixed logit model is calibrated using these data. The model shows that the presence of smoke, emergency lighting, distance of exit, number of evacuees near the exits and the decision-maker and flow of evacuees through the exits significantly affect local exit choice. Moreover, the model indicates that decision making is affected by a high degree of behavioural uncertainty. Our findings support the improvement of evacuation models and the accuracy of their results, which can assist in designing and managing building and transportation systems. The main aim of this study is to enrich the understanding of how local exit choices are made and how behavioural uncertainty affects these choices.     

水资源配置方案的相对有效性评价

将水资源配置定义为一种广义的投入产出问题,在给出水资源配置的基本投入产出指标后,探讨了应用GEM(群组特征根法)-MAUT(多属性效用理论)模型对配置方案的相对有效性进行评价.该模型运用群组特征根法确定指标权重,而后由多属性效用理论给出方案的优劣次序.相对于DEA(数据包络分析)或ANN(人工神经网络)法,该模型更适用于对评价指标有特别要求的情况.     

汽车保险中奖惩系统的马尔可夫分析

利用马尔可夫分析,求出了驾驶员最终处于奖惩系统各阶上的概率,同时,马尔可夫分析还可以判断出在确定代表驾驶员实际风险的调整保费时奖惩系统的功效,并举例给出了求解奖惩系统的稳态保费及Loimaranta功效具体的计算方法.     

基于实时路况信息的驾驶员路线选择行为模型

从驾驶员出行路线选择的影响因素出发,将实时路况信息影响引入路线选择行为中,在分析实时路况信息及其评价指标的基础上,考虑路线选择行为中可能存在的相关性因素,构建驾驶员路线选择GNL（Generalized Nested Logit）模型,并建立基于可获得实时路况信息满意度的驾驶员路线选择行为效用函数,以求更加客观地反映驾驶员实际路线选择行为。     

一种基于效用函数优化的计算网格资源分配策略

提出了一种基于效用函数优化的网格资源分配策略．试图利用效用函数和竞标函数对网格资源进行合理分配，采用拉格朗日方法对网格任务Agent效用函数进行优化，从而可使网格任务Agent在能估计资源节点拥塞度，并能完成其所有任务的情况下，产生一个合理的费用预算．对网格任务Agent的竞标函数的特征进行了研究分析，研究结果表明如果网络状态不变，网格任务Agent不能通过改变投标来获取效益．这种恒定性在任务Agent不知晓竞标结果的情况下，可使它无需做徒劳的重投标．