A zonal inference model based on observed smart-card transactions for Santiago de Chile

The collection of origin–destination data for a city is an important but often costly task. This way, there is a need to develop more efficient and inexpensive methods of collecting information about citizens’ travel patterns. In this line, this paper presents a generic methodology that allows to infer the origin and destination zones for an observed trip between two public transport stops (i.e., bus stops or metro stations) using socio-economic, land use, and network information. The proposed zonal inference model follows a disaggregated Logit approach including size variables. The model enables the estimation of a zonal origin–destination matrix for a city, if trip information passively collected by a smart-card payment system is available (in form of a stop-to-stop matrix). The methodology is applied to the Santiago de Chile’s morning peak period, with the purpose of serving as input for a public transport planning computational tool. To estimate the model, information was gathered from different sources and processed into a unified framework; data included a survey conducted at public transport stops, land use information, and a stop-to-stop trip matrix. Additionally, a zonal system with 1176 zones was constructed for the city, including the definition of its access links and associated distances. Our results shows that, ceteris paribus, zones with high numbers of housing units have higher probabilities of being the origin of a morning peak trip. Likewise, health facilities, educational, residential, commercial, and offices centres have significant attraction powers during this period. In this sense, our model manages to capture the expected effects of land use on trip generation and attraction. This study has numerous policy implications, as the information obtained can be used to predict the impacts of changes in the public transport network (such as extending routes, relocating their stops, designing new routes or changing the fare structure). Further research is needed to improve the zonal inference formulation and origin–destination matrix estimation, mainly by including better cost measures, and dealing with survey and data limitations.     

一种基质沥青快速升温装置的研制

现代交通的发展和道路等级的提高,对路用沥青的性能提出了更高的要求。在沥青中加入SBS、PE和橡胶粉等添加剂以改善基质沥青性能的方法得到了越来越广泛的应用,但改性沥青制作工艺对基质沥青的工作温度有严格的要求。探讨基质沥青的快速加热工艺和相关专用设备的研发是保证改性沥青制作质量的关键之一。     

非时齐马氏链转移矩阵的性质

对非时齐马氏链转移矩阵的分析性质进行了讨论起因于非时齐马氏链广泛应用于随机控制和奇异摄动.得到了转移矩阵的一些连续性性质,特别是对Q-矩阵函数的概率意义进行了详细讨论,得到了在一状态停留的时间服从一指数分布,从一状态跳到另一状态的概率等较完整的结果,最后还给出一个Q-矩阵函数有界的充要条件.     

船舶设计过程中的变更管理

介绍船舶设计过程中项目管理新的组织模式:矩阵式组织,对新模式下船舶设计管理过程涉及的主要项目管理领域如:范围管理、进度管理、人力资源管理、沟通管理及其变更管理进行分析和论述.     

Nonlinear feedforward–feedback control of clutch-to-clutch shift technique

To improve the shift quality of the vehicle with clutch-to-clutch gear shifts, a nonlinear feedforward–feedback control scheme is proposed for clutch slip control during the shift inertia phase. The feedforward control is designed based on flatness in consideration of the system nonlinearities, and the linear feedback control is given to accommodate the model errors and the disturbances. Lookup tables, which are widely used to represent complex nonlinear characteristics of powertrain systems, appear in their original form in the designed feedforward controller, while the linear feedback controller is calculated through linear matrix inequalities such that the control system is robust against the parameter uncertainties. Finally, the designed controller is tested on an AMESim powertrain simulation model, which contains a time-variant model of clutch actuators.     

大功率变流技术与应用（三）——矩阵变流器

矩阵变流器是强迫换相的PWM交-交直接变流器，即是直接的、完全对称的多相输入-多相输出网络，由电力电子开关组成，没有笨重的电感器和电容器。其优点是，输入电流为正弦形的，且功率因数高，双向功率流，不产生亚谐波分量。这种变流器满足电机调速、节能和电能质量管理对变流器所期望的电性能。文章系统地描述了矩阵变流器的原理、换流、调制，并介绍减少了开关器件的稀疏和超稀疏矩阵变流器。     

船舶危险品运输的风险分析

船舶危险品安全运输是船舶运输安全的重要方面。它既取决于船上危险品本身的安全，又取决于船舶的航行安全。风险分析就是在识别其本身和船舶航行两个方面存在的潜在危险即风险源的基础上，通过定性、半定量或定量的分析方法，分析这些危险可能导致的后果和这些后果发生的可能性，从而得到相应的风险水平。文中在介绍风险分析的步骤和方法的基础上，阐述了适用于船舶危险品运输的风险分析方法。     

δ—Al2O3f／Al合金基复合材料的强度研究

对挤压铸造法制得的δ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３ｆ／Ａｌ合金基复合材料，测量其短纤维地位向分布，导出了一个位向分布密度函数。在此基础上考虑在体抗拉强度高低和不同界面结合的影响，对复合材料的拉伸强度进行了预测，预测结果和实测值符合较好     

悬索桥结构分析中鞍座单元的研究及应用

在悬索桥的有限元计算中往往忽略鞍座对主缆的影响而直接采用成桥理论IP点建模,这种简化会对主缆线形计算带来误差。为提高有限元计算悬索桥主缆线形的精度,提出一种能精确模拟主缆和鞍座约束关系的3节点单元——鞍座单元。采用该单元可基于弹性悬链线的解析解迭代出主缆与鞍座的切点坐标,再根据该单元刚度矩阵元素的含义并利用静力平衡条件直接推导出其切线刚度矩阵。以国内某主跨1 650 m的悬索桥为例,将鞍座单元的切线刚度矩阵引入到该桥有限元整体计算中,计算结果表明,鞍座单元能精确模拟主缆与鞍座的实际情况,将其引入悬索桥的结构计算中能大幅度提高计算精度。     

基于影响矩阵法的斜拉桥成桥索力优化

介绍了斜拉桥成桥索力优化的影响矩阵法,运用大型有限元程序ANSYS中的优化模块,结合某独塔斜拉桥验证了这种方法计算合理成桥索力的可行性和有效性。计算结果表明,将影响矩阵法引入斜拉桥成桥索力的有限元分析中是可行的,可为类似桥梁的设计提供参考和验证。