鞍底硬膜缝合及骨性重建与带蒂鼻中隔黏膜瓣技术在颅底重建中的作用及多因素分析

目的 探讨鞍底硬膜缝合(不同方式)、骨性重建与鼻中隔带蒂黏膜瓣(pedicled nasoseptal flap, PNSF)对垂体瘤经鼻内镜术中发生中、高流量脑脊液漏的重建效能及其各自作用权重。方法 收集我院2015年1月至2021年4月神经内镜标准经鼻入路垂体瘤切除术中发生2～3级脑脊液漏(Kelly分级)的病例资料。将鞍底硬膜缝合方式、骨性重建、PNSF使用情况及年龄、性别、体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)、糖尿病、肿瘤大小和漏口直径等相关因素进行多因素线性回归,分析上述因素对术后脑脊液鼻漏持续时间和卧床时间的影响,重点分析硬膜缝合、骨性重建与PNSF对鞍底重建效果相关指标的影响强度(即效能强度)。结果 共纳入病例281例,平均年龄(47±12.6)岁,男性占比52.6%,其中应用PNSF 93例次,骨性重建268例次,鞍底硬膜锚定式缝合109例次,补丁式缝合50例次,未缝合122例次。多因素分析结果提示：PNSF、骨性重建和鞍底硬膜缝合的应用均显著减少术后鼻漏时间[分别减少18.524、35.876和16.983/19.791(锚定缝合/补丁缝合)h,均为...     

Therapeutic efficiency of short anterior urethral stricture treated with endourethral surgery combined with iridium 192 radiotherapy

Objective To assess the therapeutic efficiency of short anterior urethral stricture treated with endourethral surgery combined with iridium 192 radiation therapy in order to decrease the recurrence rate after endourethral surgery. Methods A total of 286 patients with anterior urethral stricture (stricture length ranging from 0.5 to 2.5cm, averaging at 1.6cm) were divided randomly into two groups after internal urethrotomy and cicatrix electrotomy. The radiation group of 173 patients was treated as soon as possible with iridium 192 radiation therapy on the stricture sections while the control group of 113 patients was not. The recurrence rate was compared between the two groups during one year's follow-up. Results Among all the 286 successful operations, stricture recurred in 19 patients of the radiation group (recurrence rate of 10.98%) and in 62 ones of the control group (recurrence rate of 54.86%), with a significant difference (P=0.003). Conclusion It is an effective way to prevent recurrence by treating patients as early as possible with iridium 192 radiation on the stricture sections after endourethral operation on anterior urethral stricture.     

Diagnosis and excision of breast multi-focal lesions by ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy: a comparative evaluation

Objective To compare and evaluate the efficacy of diagnosis and excision for appropriately selected breast multi-focal lesions and solitary lesion by ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy (UGVAB). Methods Among 392 appropriately selected patients, 187 patients with multi-focal lesions and 205 patients with solitary lesion were treated by the 8-gauge UGVAB from May 2007 to June 2009. All lesions were removed as completely as possible. The patients with benign pathology underwent physical and ultrasound examinations at one week and 6 months after procedure. Results During the procedure, only three patients had vasovagal syncope and twenty others complained of other intraoperative discomfort. An accurate pathological diagnosis was obtained in all lesions. There was no apparent false-negative result among the 696 lesions with benign pathology at a follow-up of 6 months after procedure. The rates of malignant or premalignant pathology, postoperative complications and residual lesions in patients with multi-focal lesions were higher than those in patients with solitary lesion. If each lesion was considered as a subject of study, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion UGVAB is an effective method for diagnosis and excision of appropriately selected breast multi-focal lesions and can be used routinely.     

基于网络的显微手术视频网络系统

通过安装在手术显微镜上的CCD将采集的手术视频信号送至与网络(LAN/Internet)连接的计算机,采用VC++面向对象的程序设计技术,实现显微手术视频的显示、压缩、存储、图像处理、剪辑,以及手术方案、数据库管理、报表生成与打印,并实现视、音频信号的网络实时传输及语音、文字交流等功能,可用于手术视频的记录、管理,以及远程专家会诊、示教、学术交流等.     

争享失业前的“最后福利”

索菲是巴黎一家银行的金融分析师。当她得知银行将在今年夏天之前裁减50名员工的消息时,她的反应既不是去邮寄简历,也不是去跟她的上司套近乎,而是计划动一次膝关节镜手术。27岁的素菲对本刊记者说：“我选择现在动这个手术是因为如果我失业了,就不能动这个手术了。”     

经Quadrant通道椎管内肿瘤切除与传统半椎板椎管内肿瘤切除术的对比研究

目的对比分析经Quadrant通道显微镜下椎管内肿瘤切除与传统显微手术椎管内肿瘤切除的手术相关指标和疗效。方法回顾自2013年7月至2015年7月本院33例病变长度小于5cm的椎管内肿瘤患者,其中16例接受经Quadrant通道显微镜下椎管内肿瘤切除,另外17例接受传统半椎板椎管内肿瘤切除。比较两组患者相关指标,包括手术切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后首次下地活动时间、术后住院时间、术后1周视觉疼痛模拟(VAS)评分、JOA评分治疗改善率等。结果与传统手术相比,Quadrant通道手术组患者在手术切口长度、术中出血量、术后首次下地活动时间、术后住院时间、术后1周视觉疼痛模拟(VAS)评分等方面均优于传统组(P<0.05)。结论经Quadrant通道显微镜下椎管内肿瘤切除术具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快、疗效肯定的优点,是一种安全有效的治疗椎管内较小肿瘤的方法。     

椎管哑铃形肿瘤的个体化显微外科治疗分析

目的探讨椎管哑铃肿瘤的个体化手术入路及显微外科治疗策略。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年12月西安交通大学一附院神经外科收治的26例椎管哑铃形肿瘤的临床资料,依据Toyama肿瘤分型选择个体化的手术入路,结合患者术前、术中脊柱失稳因素实施脊柱内固定。对比术前、术后美国脊髓损伤学会(ASIA)感觉及运动评分,评估治疗效果。结果 26例椎管哑铃肿瘤均达到了一期全切。其中,神经鞘瘤20例,节细胞神经瘤3例,脊膜瘤2例,神经纤维瘤1例。术后患者的神经功能症状都得到不同程度的改善,无一例出现运动功能障碍的加重。术后1月ASIA感觉评分为(219.34±1.62)分,ASIA运动评分为(98.61±1.25)分,均较术前明显提高(P<0.001)。随访6～52个月,平均28个月,未见肿瘤复发及脊柱畸形发生。结论依据椎管哑铃肿瘤特点分型并制订个体化的手术入路,结合现代显微外科技术,可达到肿瘤的一期全切;术前、术中准确评估脊柱的稳定性,合理选择脊柱内固定,对于预防患者术后脊柱畸形,提升生活质量至关重要。     

脊椎内镜手术的发展现况及未来展望

脊椎内镜手术是微创技术的一种,近年来发展迅速。随着脊椎内镜技术的不断发展,其适应证也不断扩大,并开始逐步取代传统的脊柱开放手术。本文比较了各种脊椎内镜手术与其他脊柱开放和微创手术的区别,总结了目前脊椎内镜手术的主要常见技术的发展现状,并针对该技术的利弊和未来发展进行了综述。     

术前放疗对子宫颈癌根治术后并发症的影响

目的　探讨术前放疗对子宫颈癌根治术后近期并发症的影响。方法　将 1 54例子宫颈癌根治术后患者分为术前放疗组及未放疗组 ,对比分析两组并发症发生情况。结果　两组患者术后并发症的发生率无显著性差异。结论　术前放疗可使子宫颈癌的手术适应症的选择扩大到Ⅱb期 ,且不增加术后并发症。     

加速康复外科和日间手术在甲状腺手术中的应用现状及发展前景

近年来加速康复外科(ERAS)发展迅速,已广泛应用于不同专业的外科领域。随着甲状腺肿瘤发病率的迅猛上升,术后的康复越来越受到重视。大量的新技术和新理念在甲状腺外科手术中广泛应用,有效地提高了甲状腺手术的精细化程度和安全性。甲状腺围手术期采取的一系列循证医学证据证实的有效处理措施加快了患者的康复过程,ERAS理念的应用使部分甲状腺日间手术成为以后的发展方向。