浅析SCR技术在公交柴油车上的应用

柴油公交车通过电控燃油喷射系统使柴油机机内净化,尾气排放得到了改善。但是,不借助发动机后处理技术,尾气排放难以满足更高的要求,特别是要把氮氧化物和颗粒物同时控制在标准限值内。     

糖皮质激素预处理对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨糖皮质激素对心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法 将18只家兔应用冠状动脉左前降支结扎术造成心肌缺血模型,随机分成3组:心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型组(模型组)、糖皮质激素一次大剂量保护组(大剂量组)以及糖皮质激素多次小剂量保护组(小剂量组),每组6只.应用BL-420生物信号采集系统观察记录心电图ST段改变,分别在缺血前、缺血15 min以及再灌注30 min取血测定血浆丙二醛(MDA)浓度;缺血区心肌标本制作冰冻切片,行组织化学染色,观察缺血区琥珀酸脱氢酶活性变化.结果 糖皮质激素的大、小剂量保护组再灌注过程中ST段恢复的时间较短,快于模型组;大剂量组血清MDA水平低于小剂量组(P<0.05),且两组均低于模型组(P<0.01);大剂量组缺血心肌琥珀酸脱氢酶活性高于小剂量组,且两组均明显高于模型组.结论 糖皮质激素对心肌缺血-再灌注损伤可以起到有效的保护作用,一次大剂量的治疗保护效果要好于多次小剂量.     

Protective effect of glutamine pretreatment on ischemia-reperfusion injury of spinal cord in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the content of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and aminoglutaminic acid (Glu) of spinal cord following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Totally 40 healthy adult male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operation group (S group), ischemia-reperfusion injury group (I/R group), low-dose glutamine group (L Gln group), median-dose glutamine group (M Gln group) and high-dose glutamine group (H Gln group). After glutamine preconditioning, the model of spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury was established according to Zivin's method. The general status of animals was observed and the changes of Jacobs scoring were recorded in each group. Malondialdehydes (MDA), GSH, Glu and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lumbar spinal cord tissues were determined using chemical colorimetry. The neuron number and deviation rate in spinal cord anterior horn were observed histopathologically. Results There was no significant difference between L Gin group and I/R group in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA and Glu, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord (P>0.05); however, there was a significant difference in GSH content of spinal cord (P<0.05). M Gln group and I/R group differed significantly (P<0.05) in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA, Glu, GSH, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord. Between H Gln group and M Gln group, there was no significant difference in behavior scoring, content of MDA and Glu, SOD activity, neuron number and aberration rate in spinal cord (P>0.05), whereas there was a significant difference in SOD activity and Giu content (P<0.05). Conclusion Pretreatment with medium-dose glutamine has a protective effect on spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury in rabbits, which may be related to the maintenance of GSH content, increase of SOD activity and reduction of MDA.     

Effect of ulinastatin on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Totally 24 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated control group (SO group), ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group) and ulinastatin group (UTI group). Liver in I/R group underwent 1 h of reperfasion after 30 min of ischemia. In UTI group, UTI (2×104 U/kg) was administered to rats 30 min before modeling. The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum were measured and the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in liver were determined. The histological changes of liver were observed. Results The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and TNF-α in serum were significantly increased in I/R group compared with those in UTI group (P<0.05). The levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in liver were significantly higher in I/R group than in UTI group (P<0.05).Histological examination of liver indicated that the damages were more severe in I/R group than in UTI group.Conclusion UTI has the ability to inhibit the production of TNF-α and oxyradical, and ameliorate microcirculatory dysfunction in rats with hepatic ischemia-reperfasion injury.     

国外柴油机新技术介绍

贝洱先进的欧5商用车发动机冷却系统及其部件 近年来,随着排放标准的逐渐严格,各种新技术在发动机上应用越来越多。德国贝洱公司作为世界知名的发动机冷却系统供应商,一直在研究如何改善发动机冷却系统以满足日益严格的排放标准,其开发的冷却废气再循环（减少柴油机NOX排放对策的）和iCAC（间接增压空气冷却器）系统能满足欧5排放要求,而不需要像SCR那样的排气后处理系统。     

欧洲实施实际行驶排放法规的结果分析

空气污染对人类的健康产生了严重的危害。在欧洲,NO2和颗粒物(PM)排放量普遍都超出空气质量标准,尤其是在交通密集的城市地区。     

硫化氢在不同器官缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

缺血再灌注(IR)损伤是临床最常见的组织器官损伤之一,硫化氢(H_2S)作为第3种气体信号分子,在生物体具有广泛的生物学功能。研究发现,H_2S可以减轻心、肝、胃肠、肾等的IR损伤,对它们起到保护作用,这为以后的新药开发提供了新的途径。     

船用柴油机排放控制方法

随着人们环保意识的增强，船用柴油机排放问题目益得到人们的关注、本文介绍了治理排放的各种方法及其优缺点，并给出其适用的范围和发展前景。     

为内燃机车达到Tier4排放标准铺平道路

简要介绍美国机车制造商和运营商为应对EPATier3和Tier4机车排放标准所作的准备,其中包括采用机内措施、排气后处理以及其他节能减排技术。