单侧黑质纹状体通路损毁改变腹侧苍白球的神经活动

目的 观察单侧黑质纹状体通路损毁对大鼠腹侧苍白球(ventral pallidum, VP)神经元电活动的影响.方法 采用在体细胞外记录方法研究正常大鼠和帕金森病(Parkinson's disease, PD)大鼠VP神经元放电频率和放电形式的变化.结果 对照组大鼠VP神经元的平均放电频率为(16.1±1.2)Hz (n=41);2周和4周PD组大鼠VP神经元的平均放电频率分别是(9.3±0.8)Hz (n=43)和(8.6±1.0)Hz (n=47),与对照组相比,VP神经元的平均放电频率显著减低(P均<0.001),但两PD模型组之间VP神经元的平均放电频率无明显差异(P>0.05).在对照组大鼠,规则放电的神经元占44%(18/41),不规则放电的神经元占52%(21/41),爆发式放电的神经元仅占4%(2/41);在2周和4周PD模型组大鼠,具有规则、不规则和爆发式放电的VP神经元的百分比分别为14%(6/43)、47%(20/43)、39%(17/43)和17%(8/47)、49%(23/47)、34%(16/47),2周和4周PD组大鼠VP中爆发式放电的神经元明显多于对照组(P均<0.01),而两PD模型组之间VP神经元的放电形式未见显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 单侧黑质纹状体通路损毁诱发大鼠VP神经元的放电频率降低,具有爆发式放电的神经元增多,这种变化可能与伏核-VP的抑制性神经传递增强有关.     

Relationship between peritoneal macrophages and inflammatory reaction in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis

Objective To investigate the relationship between peritoneal macrophages (PMAs) and inflammatory reaction in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and SAP group. To induce SAP in rats, 40 g/L sodium taurocholate (0.1 mL/100 g) was injected into the pancreatic duct through retrograde exposure of pancreatic bile duct in hepatic porta. One-third of rats were sacrificed at 3, 6 or 12 h after modeling. PMAs were extracted, and incubated for 24 h in a humidified 5% carbon dioxide incubator. The expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA in PMAs were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in culture medium and serum were evaluated.The histological changes of pancreas were examined. Rosults The expressions of TNF-α mRNA and IL-1β mRNA in PMAs were significantly higher in SAP group than in control group at each time point (P<0.01). The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in culture medium and serum were significantly elevated in SAP group compared with control group (P<0.01). The histological analysis of pancreas indicated that the damage was more severe in SAP group than in cuntrol group (P<0.01). Conclusion PMAs secrete cytokines into pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluid, and this study demonstrates a correlation between SAP and the activation of PMAs.     

Effect of insulin in combination with selenium on blood glucose and GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Objective To evaluate the effect of low-dose insulin [1 U/(kg · d)] in combination with selenium [180 g/(kg · d)] on general physiological parameters and glucose transporter (GLUT4) level in skeletal mnscle of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods Diabetic rats were treated with insulin, selenium, and insulin and selenium in combination for four weeks. The level of blood glucose was determined using One Tonch SnreStep Blood Glucose meter and the level of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle was examined by immunobiotting and immnnohistochemistry. Results Our data showed that insulin in combination with selenium could significantly lower blood glucose level and restore the disturbance in GLUT4 level in skeletal muscle. Treatment with insulin was only partially effective in restoring diabetic alterations. Conclusion It can be concluded that there is a synergistic action between insulin and selenium, and that treatment of diabetic rats with combined doses of insulin and selenium is effective in the normalization of blood glucose level and correction of altered GLUT4 distribution in skeletal mnscle of diabetic rats.     

Inhibitory effects of microinjection of morphine into thalamic nucleus submedius on ipsilateral paw bee venom-induced inflammatory pain in the rat

Objective To examine whether microinjectlon of morphine into the rat thaiamle nucleus submedlus (Sin) could depress the bee venom (BV)-induced nociceptive behaviours. Methods In inflammatory pain model induced by BV subcutaneous injection into rat unilateral hind paw, the inhibitory effects of morphine microinjection into thalamic nucleus suhmedius (Sin) on the spontaneous nociecptlve behavior, heat hyperalgesia and tactile ailodynia, and the influence of naioxone on the morphine effects were observed in the rat. Results A single dose of morphine (5.0 μg, 0. 5μL) applied into the Sm ipsilaterni to the BV injected paw significantly depressed the spontaneous paw flinching response. Morphine also significantly increased the heat paw withdrawal iateneies in the bilateral hind paw and the tactile paw withdrawal threshold in the ipsilnteral hind paw 2 hours after BV injection. All these depressive effects could be effectively antagonized by pre-treatment with the opiuld receptor antagonist naloxone (1.0μg, 0. 5μL) in the Sm 5rain prior to morphine administration. Naloxone alone injected to the Sm had no effect on the BV-induecd nociceptive behavior. Conclusion These results suggest that Sm is involved in opioid receptor-mediated antt-nociception in the rat with the BV-induced inflammatory pain. Together with results from previous studies, it is likely that this effect is produced by activation of the Sm-ventrolateral orbital cortex-periaqueductal gray pathway, leading to activation of the brainstem descending inhibitory system and depression of the nodceptive inputs at the spinal cord level.     

多发脑梗死血浆内皮素的动态变化及补肾化瘀中药的影响

采用放射免疫分析（ＲＩＡ）对多发脑梗死模型组大鼠和补肾益脑、活血化瘀中药治疗组血浆内皮素（Ｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉｎ, ＥＴ）进行动态测定,并用水迷宫试验评价其分辨性学习记忆能力。结果表明：多发脑梗死血浆ＥＴ存在先迅速升高,７ｄ 达峰后迅速下降,至１４ｄ 达正常水平的时相变化;补肾益脑、活血化瘀中药组各时期ＥＴ水平均显著低于模型组（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,且前者学习记忆能力缺损轻于后者（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。提示补肾益脑、活血化瘀中药通过降低局部ＥＴ而改善脑梗死的结局     

青春期女性月经失调与卵巢形态学分析

目的研究青春期女性月经失调与卵巢形态学的关系,为青春期多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的诊断提供参考。方法收集2014年9月至2015年9月于西安交通大学第一附属医院妇科门诊和妇女保健门诊就诊的、初潮2年后青春期月经失调212例患者的临床资料并进行分析。结果212例月经失调患者中,以月经稀发最为常见(33.96%),其次为闭经(16.51%);不同类型月经失调患者F-G评分及痤疮评分差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为1.39、1.77,P均<0.05),以月经稀发患者的评分最高;月经稀发患者卵巢体积、窦状卵泡数目、卵巢最大面积均显著高于非月经稀发组(t值分别为2.89、5.76、6.23,P均<0.05);正常卵巢组、多滤泡卵巢组、多囊卵巢组的临床表现差异有统计学意义(χ~2=43.25,P<0.05);多囊卵巢组月经稀发的发病率最高(49.30%),其次为多滤泡卵巢组(42.59%);血黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)、LH/血清卵泡刺激素(LH/FSH)差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为3.45、2.43、2.76,P均<0.05),且多囊卵巢组均为最高;3组中诊断为青春期PCOS的病例数差异有统计学意义(χ~2=26.58,P<0.05),同样多囊卵巢组最高,但多滤泡卵巢组也有12例确诊为青春期PCOS(22.22%);212例青春期月经失调患者中共诊断青春期PCOS者45例(21.23%),根据患者体质量指数(BMI)分为肥胖组和非肥胖组,肥胖患者卵巢体积、窦状卵泡数目、卵巢最大面积均显著高于非肥胖者(t值分别为3.42、7.89、4.02,P均<0.05),且空腹和2h稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA IR)均显著升高(t值分别为8.89、10.62,P均<0.05)。结论月经稀发是青春期月经失调最为常见的类型,月经稀发及肥胖患者多数伴卵巢形态学异常,应定期随访。     

大鼠软骨生成过程表达的小分子RNA生物信息学分析

目的分析大鼠软骨形成过程中小分子RNA(sRNA)表达谱变化及其基因功能,探讨软骨细胞增殖与分化的机制。方法取新生、断乳、性成熟3个时间节点的雌性SD大鼠股骨头软骨构建sRNA文库,Solexa测序平台鉴定软骨组织全部sRNA序列表达,所得的全部清洁序列与SD大鼠基因组信息比对,并做生物信息学分析。结果 3个文库筛选出与基因组序列完全匹配序列,分别对应着217 921条(41.23%)、196 650条(38.74%)、245 436条(41.54%)unique sRNA序列。长度为20~24nt的sRNA占比:d 0为71.94%、d 21为72.85%、d 42为86.39%;其中,长度为22nt的sRNA约占清洁序列的一半。文库序列分布特征,符合高质量sRNA文库的特征。超过总数62%的清洁序列来自于成熟miRNA序列,但在3个文库中的占比却仅仅只有0.69%、0.78%和0.63%。约60%的unique sRNA序列无法与miRBase 20.0和Rfam9.1匹配。结论 3个sRNA文库的miRNA这种分布模式,可能暗示着有功能不同或者来源各异的miRNA,参与了对骨骼发育和骨形成关键阶段软骨细胞增殖与分化的调控。     

Pharmacokinetic behavior of 16-dehydropregnenolone after intramuscular administration in rats

The pharmacokinetics of 16-dehydropregnenolone （16-DHP）, a sterols compound isolated from Solanum lyratum Thunb., was investigated in rats following a single intramuscular administration （40 mg/kg）. The concentration of 16-DHP in rat plasma was determined