考虑多目标的城市停车换乘选址优化模型及算法

停车换乘选址问题是城市交通网络设计研究的重点领域,已有研究的优化目标多集中在系统总费用方面,而对交通可持续发展方面考虑不足。为此,提出综合考虑多方面目标的停车换乘设施选址优化模型及其求解算法。首先,基于超网络理论,提出多方式城市交通系统的超网络模型并定义O-D (Origin-destination)间的超路径、有效超路径及子路径,结合出行者出行过程及交通网络拥挤特征,给出超路径费用的数学表达;其次,基于多方式交通网络随机均衡配流结果,构建交通总阻抗、污染物排放量以及交通系统公平性等系统优化指标的计算模型,并建立用以描述停车换乘设施选址问题的多目标优化模型;进而,以多目标系统优化模型为上层问题,以超网络下满足Logit分配的多方式交通网络配流模型为下层问题,构建描述城市多方式交通系统停车换乘设施选址问题的双层规划模型,并基于模型特征,结合“记录-搜索”思想设计非支配排序遗传算法进行求解;最后,基于Sioux Falls网络设计算例。研究结果表明：算法能够在有限的步骤内搜索到90%以上的Pareto最优解;平均而言,停车换乘措施使得交通总阻抗减小了0.31%,污染物排放量减少了7.32%...     

新巴拿马型散货船系泊系统推荐布置

针对巴拿马运河扩建后,通航运河的散货船增多,前期建造的散货船由于系泊系统不合要求,不能通过运河的情况,根据巴拿马运河管理局2021年颁布的航运通告对系泊系统的布置要求,对某改造及新造两系列散货船,依次从艏、舯、艉部给出系泊系统的推荐布置,运营结果表明,船舶系泊系统布置方案满足相关规则及船东要求.     

1+X证书制度下汽车运用与维修技术专业实训资源建设路径探析

文章以汽车运用与维修技术专业为例,分析该专业的实训资源在1+X证书制度实施过程中存在的问题,提出实训资源优化整合建设的必要性。依据《汽车运用与维修(含智能新能源汽车)职业技能领域职业技能等级标准》设计出汽车运用与维修技术专业实训资源优化整合建设架构图,并对实训资源优化整合建设给出了详细的方案。     

约束可松弛的网络绿波模型

为解决区域交通信号协调控制领域中常规网络绿波模型可行域窄或无解的问题,提出了约束可松弛的网络绿波模型。应用混合整数线性规划方法构建模型,以所有路段双向绿波带宽加权和最大为优化目标,利用约束松弛方法,将干线约束和网络外圈闭环约束转变为可松弛的不等式约束。模型针对每条路段引入了0~1二元变量,表示路段的绿波是否被打断。通过模型求解,获得网络中必要的松弛路段,并打断相应的路段绿波,去除外圈闭环约束,以扩大可行域并找到最优解。算例对不同控制方案下提出的模型和其他绿波模型的绿波优化结果进行比较分析。算例显示,当网络各个交叉口采用同一化控制方案时,易于在不打断任何路段绿波的条件下找到最优解。此时,所提出的模型的解和常规网络绿波模型的解等价。当网络各交叉口采取差异化控制方案时,常规网络绿波模型无可行解,Gartner网络绿波模型仅获得非最优的可行解,而所提出的模型能够获得全局最优解。算例中只有1条路段的绿波被打断,而网络的其他路段均获得有效绿波带,且任意相交的干线绿波能够合理协调。算例优化结果表明：所提出的模型优于常规网络绿波模型和Gartner网络绿波模型,更适合复杂的城市交通网络信号优化设计。     

威海双岛湾科技城一号桥主索鞍设计

根据以往国内大型悬索桥的设计经验,对威海双岛湾科技城一号桥主索鞍设计进行了探讨;并通过ANSYS进行有限元分析,对主索鞍座受力进行了分析。经过对计算结果的分析和比较发现,高应力区都集中在连接部位和接触部位,随着远离接触点,应力迅速下降。该次计算的应力结果较为均匀,基本满足规范要求。     

Multiple criteria optimization method for the vehicle assignment problem in a bus transportation company

A vehicle assignment problem (VAP) in a road, long‐haul, passenger transportation company with heterogeneous fleet of buses is considered in the paper. The mathematical model of the VAP is formulated in terms of multiobjective, combinatorial optimization. It has a strategic, long‐term character and takes into account four criteria that represent interests of both passengers and the company's management. The decision consists in the definition of weekly operating frequency (number of rides per week) of buses on international routes between Polish and Western European cities. The VAP is solved in a step‐wise procedure. In the first step a sample of efficient (Pareto‐optimal) solutions is generated using an original metaheuristic method called Pareto Memetic Algorithm (PMA). In the second step this sample is reviewed and evaluated by the Decision Maker (DM). In this phase an interactive, multiple criteria analysis method with graphical facilities, called Light Beam Search (LBS), is applied. The method helps the DM to define his/her preferences, direct the search process and select the most satisfactory solution.     

An adaptive information fusion model to predict the short-term link travel time distribution in dynamic traffic networks

As intelligent transportation systems (ITS) approach the realm of widespread deployment, there is an increasing need to robustly capture the variability of link travel time in real-time to generate reliable predictions of real-time traffic conditions. This study proposes an adaptive information fusion model to predict the short-term link travel time distribution by iteratively combining past information on link travel time on the current day with the real-time link travel time information available at discrete time points. The past link travel time information is represented as a discrete distribution. The real-time link travel time is represented as a range, and is characterized using information quality in terms of information accuracy and time delay. A nonlinear programming formulation is used to specify the adaptive information fusion model to update the short-term link travel time distribution by focusing on information quality. The model adapts good information by weighing it higher while shielding the effects of bad information by reducing its weight. Numerical experiments suggest that the proposed model adequately represents the short-term link travel time distribution in terms of accuracy and robustness, while ensuring consistency with ambient traffic flow conditions. Further, they illustrate that the mean of a representative short-term travel time distribution is not necessarily a good tracking indicator of the actual (ground truth) time-dependent travel time on that link. Parametric sensitivity analysis illustrates that information accuracy significantly influences the model, and dominates the effects of time delay and the consistency constraint parameter. The proposed information fusion model bridges key methodological gaps in the ITS deployment context related to information fusion and the need for short-term travel time distributions.     

横向型企业集团利润最大化的订单分配模型

当由集团公司统一承接市场订单时，订单在各成员企业问的分配是关键问题．以集团利润最大化为目标，运用优化理论建立了单目标0-1规划的订单分配模型．模型中考虑了股权、资金成本、固定运营成本等因素．对模型求解可以确定集团对市场订单的分配，并由此编制集团各成员企业的生产及运输计划．用算例说明了模型的求解方法．     

静压PTC管桩施工技术

本文根据沪宁高速公路扩建工程HN—D1—1标静压桩的施工实践,对静压胛c桩施工原理、主要施工技术作一介绍,供同类工程借鉴参考。     

平行流交叉口行人过街控制策略研究

为解决平行流交叉口行人与机动车冲突问题,考虑行人与机动车在冲突点为寻找间隙穿越的交替穿插的抢行博弈过程,重新设计行人过街信号相位方案,提出人车搭接相位行人过街模式;考虑行人专用相位过街模式,给出两种行人过街模式的信号控制策略;构建优化模型,并对模型等价变换,降低计算复杂度.结果显示：常规交叉口处于高饱和状态时,两种行人过街模式下平行流交叉口分别降低了73.8%、50.3%的车均延误,故人车搭接相位过街模式效益更优;人车搭接相位过街模式与不考虑行人过街模式相比,交叉口车均延误仅增加 0.6~3.8 s⋅ pcu-1 .研究成果可为平行流交叉口行人信号配时提供理论依据.